The Power Of Zero Show

Today's podcast explains why it might be a massive mistake to invest in municipal bonds. The reason why this is such an important topic is our unusual fixation with municipal bonds when trying to set up a tax-free retirement. Interest from municipal bonds counts as provisional income. That means that it counts against the thresholds that cause Social Security taxation. So, while you may be looking for a stable, predictable, tax-free income stream, you could unwittingly lose a portion of your Social Security along the way. Municipal bonds are usually very attractive for retirees and would-be retirees because they promise low-risk and tax-free income. However, David has noticed five glaring issues about municipal bonds and explains why you should be extremely cautious about investing in them. Municipal bonds are not always entirely tax-free. Yes, they are free from federal tax, but they are often taxed at the state level if it's not a bond issued by your resident state. Currently, 43 of the 50 states charge state tax on out-of-state municipal bond interest. So, as state taxes rise over time, you could, unfortunately, fall prey to tax rate risk. According to David, the whole point of a tax-free municipal bond is to get a superior rate of return when compared to a corporate bond equivalent. The problem is, even though municipal bonds are tax-free, they offer returns that are often far less than their taxable corporate bond equivalents. One of the biggest problems with municipal bonds is the purchasing power risk. For example, in the high-inflation environment we're currently in, you're actually losing spending power by locking into even the most productive municipal bonds. Your returns will lag inflation and massively reduce your spending power over time. If you're trying to get consistent, predictable tax-free income in retirement, one of your best bets is owning an annuity inside a Roth IRA. Annuity companies have massive economies of scale and can get rates of return in their bond portfolios that far exceed what you can get on your own. Mentioned in this episode: David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

For David, the problem is that the U.S. has promised its people way more than it can afford to pay. The debt clock says $30 trillion, which is a mind-boggling figure. According to other experts, however, the real number is actually higher than that. It is close to the $125 trillion mark. Citing Dr. Larry Kotlikoff from Boston University, David reveals that, according to a fiscal gap accounting, the projection over the next 75 years isn't $30 trillion, nor $125 trillion… it sees true national debt in the U.S. sitting much closer to $239 trillion. One of the key questions David brings up is: for a retiring generation of Baby Boomers who saved the lion's share of their retirement savings and tax-deferred vehicles like 401ks, what rate are their postponed tax payments going to be taxed at? David shares that, with the exception of a small period in the early '90s, taxes haven't been as historically low as they are today in 80 years. He advises to do all the heavy lifting now by preemptively paying taxes on IRAs and 401ks before tax rates go up on January 1st 2026. David talks about the fact that after January 1st 2026, tax rates are going to revert back to what they were in 2017. This means that each day that goes by where we fail to take advantage of historically low tax rates is potentially a year beyond 2026 where we could be forced to pay the highest tax rates we are likely to see in our lifetime. David shares his insights about how retirees and retirees-to-be can transition these assets before January 1st 2026 arrives. David advises those who have too much money in their 401k or IRA to start repositioning that money systematically to the tax free bucket by way of a Roth conversion. The Roth conversion has no income limitation. Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, is just borrowing money that they don't have. Every year that Congress doesn't fix the problem means new consequences. (aka higher tax rates). Mentioned in this episode: David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

In this episode, David wants to share the truth about Dave Ramsey, look at the two pillars of his financial worldview, and deconstruct those beliefs. David believes that if Dave Ramsey's audience followed his advice on paying off high-interest credit card debt, the U.S. would be a much healthier place from a financial perspective. In David's assessment, Ramsey's audience is made of lower to middle-income America, people who are making $50,000 per year but who are spending $60,000. With his approach, Ramsey seems to be dispensing one-size-fits-all financial planning advice in an attempt to appeal to the masses. David notes that Ramsey's audience isn't the Power of Zero audience. Power of Zero audience members have generally done a good job of saving money, and they are in tax-deferred buckets. They're trying to figure out how to distribute their retirement savings in the most tax-efficient way possible. It's the person who's making $50,000 per year, but spending 60,000 it's lower to middle income America, who are struggling to pay their bills, so he's dispensing one size fits all financial planning advice in an attempt to appeal to the masses. The first Dave Ramsey principle that runs afoul of Power of Zero thinking has to do with his recommendations of going back into the tax-deferred bucket with all of the unintended consequences that go along with it. What Power of Zero thinking suggests in these cases is for you to make contributions to the LIRP in an effort to enjoy the benefits of getting to the 0% tax bracket in retirement. For David, Dave Ramsey doesn't seem to understand or appreciate the role that a properly structured LIRP can play in helping you get into the zero percent tax bracket and retirement, particularly in a rising tax rate environment. David believes that financial gurus like Dave Ramsey often find themselves on the outside of the tax-free paradigm looking in trying to interpret what they're seeing through the lens of their tax deferral worldview. While their intentions are often knowable, he says, their recommendations – if accepted at face value – can lead to a cascade of financial consequences, many of which could actually prevent you from ever getting to the 0% tax bracket in retirement. The second pillar of Ramsey's David has an issue with his lack of understanding of how the fees and the LIRP are structured. David sees Ramsey as someone who fixates on what the LIRP fees are in the first few years and extrapolates those fees out over the life of the program. The problem is that by fixating on the fees of the LIRP in the first few years without considering the broader picture, Ramsey perpetuates the myth that all LIRPs are too expensive. David explains how LIRPs work. Their fees are higher in the early years and much lower in the later years. However, when you average it out over the life of the program, it's going to cost you between 1-1.5% of your bucket per year. The longer you keep your LIRP, the lower the average annual expenses over time. For David, Dave Ramsey is so fixated on the fees of the LIRP in the first few years that he fails to see the forest for the trees. He fails to recognize that the longer you hold your LIRP, the greater the internal rate of return. A situation David has seen happening is when some people get to the point in their policy when the fees start falling through the floor and, after reading a book or listening to a podcast episode by Dave Ramsey, they drop their policy because of what they have heard him say. Just when the LIRP was starting to build a head of steam, they succumb to Ramsey's mischaracterization of LIRP fees – which leads to them dropping their policy, losing their death benefits, and incurring unwanted surrender fees along the way. David recommends having the following retirement planning approach in a rising tax rate environment. You want to have between four and six different streams of tax-free income, none of which show up on the IRS's radar, but all of which contribute to you being in the 0% tax bracket. Mentioned in this episode: David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

David explains how Obamacare surtax, which was introduced back in 2013 when Obamacare passed, works and who it affects. The 3.8% of Obamacare surtax only applies to the investment income that reaches above and beyond specific thresholds: $200,000 for an individual person and $250,000 for a married couple filing jointly. David addresses the question of how this could affect you if you're planning on doing a Roth conversion at some point in the next 10 years. According to David, not many people pay the Obamacare surtax and he reminds us that any distributions from Roth IRA, from Roth 401k, from Roth conversions or loans from cash value, and LIRPs don't count towards that $200,000 or $250,000 threshold the Obamacare surtax applies to. David considers the Obamacare surtax a pesky little tax that will affect the top 1% of Americans fairly consistently and middle-income America only occasionally, particularly in the years where they have only a one-time windfall event. David cautions against postponing the payment of a capital gain tax or a Roth conversion to some point much further down the road to avoid paying this 3.8% Obamacare surtax because you may end up being surprised with a much higher tax on your ordinary income or on your capital gains. Mentioned in this episode: David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

This episode revolves around when you should draw social security in a rising tax environment. David believes that if you have taken stock of the fiscal landscape of the U.S., it seems fairly obvious that tax rates will have to rise dramatically in the next 10 years to keep the country solvent. This should have a bearing on when you elect to receive your social security. As David explains, each year you delay taking social security past age 62, your benefit will increase. The amount of the increase you'll experience varies from person to person. On average, it's going to be about 7.4% per year. David discusses another scenario, one in which you postpone taking your social security until your full retirement age of 67. In this case, because you postponed taking your benefit for five years, you'd experience an average growth of 7.4% on your benefit over a shorter period of time as compared to the scenario in which you'd take social security at age 62. The third scenario is one in which you'd take social security at age 70. This is the age at which delaying social security no longer makes sense because you're no longer going to be getting that 7.4% increase. Mathematically and financially speaking, it just doesn't make sense to delay any longer. If you'd like to reach your break-even point, you should create an Excel spreadsheet, create 3 columns, and add up the cumulative benefits you'd receive. David shares a couple of ways to get an estimate on how long you're going to be living for. On the one hand, there's the website you can use to get an estimate: Blueprintincome.com. This will give you an imprecise – unofficial – ballpark life expectancy prediction. One the other hand, there's a much more precise way to find out how long you're going to be living for: going through the life insurance underwriting process. David perceives life insurance underwriters are sort of like oddsmakers in Vegas. Depending on the method you use to get a ballpark life expectancy prediction, it may make more sense to get all of the money out of the account(s) as soon as possible, when you reach the age of 62. David goes over a couple options in terms of what would happen if you were to do a Roth conversion. Mentioned in this episode: blueprintincome.com David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

This episode focuses on a question David recently got from a couple – they made $650,000 per year and wanted to know whether they should consider doing a Roth conversion. Some details about the California-based couple who asked David their question: they're both age 50, with $1.5M in their old IRAs and 401k. They had a lifestyle need of approximately $100,000 after tax, and had about $1M in liquid savings in their taxable bucket. And, lastly, they were contributing $100,000 per year to that bucket and were growing it in plain taxable mutual funds. The couple, which represents the case-study for this episode, are in the highest marginal tax bracket (at 37%). In addition to that, they would have to pay another 11.3% in California State tax. This means that, were they to do a Roth conversion, they would be paying tax on top of all their other income, and they would be paying tax at 48.3%. In other words, they would be giving away nearly half of whatever portion of their IRAs or 401k they converted back to the IRS. Having all of the information above, the question becomes: does it make sense for a couple of 50 year olds to undertake a Roth conversion? For David, if they believed that the rates at which they'd be forced to pay in the future are going to be higher than today's rates, then the answer is yes. Then, they should pay the tax today before the IRS absolutely requires it somewhere down the road, at higher rates… However, if they don't believe that taxes down the road are going to be higher than they are today, then they shouldn't do a Roth conversion. David discusses the fact that, sometimes, we get so caught up in the idea of getting to the 0% tax bracket at all costs that we fail to do the math along the way to see whether the cost of doing so actually makes sense. For David, Roth conversions tend to make sense for people who will be in a similar income range in retirement – particularly if they're currently in the 22 or 24% tax brackets. David warns against allowing ourselves to become so consumed by the fear of higher tax rates that we make irrational decisions about the timing of our payments. We have to be patient, thoughtful and methodical. David shares the fact that the situation this podcast episode revolves around is a classic case where it may make sense to utilize the tax-free qualities of the LIRP (Life Insurance Retirement Plan). With the LIRP, we're getting as little death benefit as the IRS requires, and we're stuffing as much money into it as the IRS allows, in an attempt to mimic all of the tax-free benefits of the Roth IRA without any of the limitations of a Roth IRA. Mentioned in this episode: David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

In May 2021, David recorded a podcast that focused on the Secure Act 2.0, the follow-up to the Secure Act that completely killed the stretch IRA and the stretch Roth IRA. Today's episode looks at the big surprise that has surfaced in the latest updated iteration of the Secure Act 2.0 that's currently gaining steam in Congress. In last year's podcast episode, David outlined six major changes to retirement planning that this law is proposing. According to David, the one thing that the previous version of the Secure Act 2.0 did not address was what happens if a beneficiary inherits a retirement account where the original account holder had already begun to receive required minimum distribution. This is something that wasn't sitting well with the financial planning community. David explains how things are different with the latest piece of legislation, as it spells it all out perfectly the two crucial criteria that are connected to how and whether the 10-year rule of the Secure Act 2.0 applies or not. The first crucial criteria is whether or not the original IRA account holder died before their required beginning day. The second is whether they had begun receiving minimum distributions, and secondly, whether the beneficiary is eligible. There are different people who could potentially qualify as an eligible designated beneficiary (or EDB): a surviving spouse, a minor child, a disabled person, a chronically-ill person, and a person not more than 10 years younger than the account holder. David discusses the fact that, if you're an eligible designated beneficiary of an IRA, the 10-year distribution rule doesn't apply to you. You get to continue to receive RMDs from the account based on your life expectancy. There are a couple of possibilities if you happen not to be an EDB and you inherit an IRA. In the case of a beneficiary who inherited an IRA from someone who had not yet reached the required beginning date for that person, the 10-year rule applies. You'll have to withdraw 100% of that IRA within 10 years from the death of the account holder. If you're not an EDB and the person from whom you inherited the IRA had already begun to take their RMDs, then you would have to take RMDs based on your life expectancy and completely withdraw all the money within that 10-year period. Then, there's the scenario in which you aren't an EDB and you inherit a Roth IRA - Roth IRA owners aren't subject to RMDs and, therefore, they're always considered to have died before their required beginning date. This means that, if you inherit a Roth IRA, you'll never have to take required minimum distributions, regardless of whether you're an EDB or not. When it comes to POZ planning, all of this serves as motivation for you to get your money shifted to the tax-free bucket, shifted to the Roth IRA – pay taxes that are at these historically low tax rates so that your beneficiaries won't have to pay the taxes at the apex of their earning years at a period of time when taxes are likely to be much higher than they are today. Additionally, by having your money in Roth, you spare your beneficiaries from having to worry about taking RMDs should you actually die after your required beginning date. Mentioned in this episode: POZ episode - The Secure Retirement Act 2.0 – 6 Things You Need to Know David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

In this episode, David focuses on the true fiscal day of reckoning for the U.S., and how it should inform important retirement decisions when it comes to the Power of Zero paradigm. For David, asking yourself 'Over what time frame should I be shifting my tax-deferred retirement assets to tax-free?' is one of the most important variables to consider when executing your Power of Zero strategy. David's view is to consider shifting money slowly enough so that you don't rise into a tax bracket that gives you heartburn, but quickly enough that you get all the heavy lifting done before tax rates go up for good. The problem, however, lies in the fact that if Congress were to do nothing between now and 2026, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act will expire – leading to an increase in tax rates. When it comes to executing strategies, David recommends having an approach that isn't either too alarmist or heavy-handed. It's important to ask yourself what the Government is likely to do to tax rates, over what time frame, and act accordingly. Over at DavidMcKnight.com, you can find a "magic number" calculator in the upper right-hand corner of the webpage. The calculator shows you how much money you should be shifting to get to your IRA balance over a given time frame. David asks a key question: 'What if 2026 is not really the deadline we should be concerned with?' Perhaps, he says, 2026 may be regarded merely as the year in which tax rates return to historically normal levels. David refers back to the 2021 interview with Brian Beaulieu, an economist who has been working with Fortune 500 companies for the last four decades to predict what the economy is going to do in the future – and he has done so with an almost 95% success rate. According to Brian Beaulieu, the deadline we should really be concerned with is 2030, the year in which he predicts the U.S. will go into a Great Depression. The reason for this prediction is the trajectory of national debt and the increasingly high number of Baby Boomers reliant on Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, and interest on the national debt. If Beaulieu's prediction were to be correct, it would mean that you shouldn't really be fixating on shifting your dollars from tax-deferred to tax-free over four years, especially if you have large amounts of money in your tax-deferred bucket. In this scenario, you would have the opportunity to spread your tax obligation out over a longer period of time, which would keep you in a much lower tax bracket along the way. For David, 2024 is going to be a key year for the fact that, if Republicans were to take the House, the Senate, or the Presidency, then there's a good chance that the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act would be extended for another eight years. As a result, the current low tax rates would be extended through 2032. However, this approach of "kicking the fiscal can" further down the road, would mean that the fix on the back end will be much more aggressive – something nobody would like on the back end. Mentioned in this episode: 2021 interview with Brian Beaulieu David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

The idea behind today's episode comes from a conversation David had with someone at a recent event he spoke at. He praised the LIRP as the "perfect Swiss Army knife-type of investment," and couldn't understand why more people didn't make it their only investment tool. David isn't a fan of conversations that position the LIRP as a "Holy Grail" of financial planning. David shares examples of questions and conversations of the arguments that may be made by someone who's a big believer in the LIRP in these terms. David discusses potential scenarios and conversations you may find yourself having. The Power of Zero strategy calls for multiple streams of tax-free income, none of which show up on the IRS' radar but all of which contribute to you being in the 0% tax bracket. There are four streams of tax income: the Roth IRA, the Roth 401k, the Roth conversion, and the RMD that's up to standard deduction limits out of your IRA. David discusses how they're being invested in, and how some licensed life insurance agents persuade people against investing in the stock market. As David illustrates, there are some shortcomings in the approach similar to the event attendee he was chatting with, as the approach doesn't appreciate the broader role that the stock market plays, in a balanced approach to tax-free retirement planning. The LIRP, especially that in the form of a puppy and in the form of the IUL Index Universal, can generate up to 5-7% annual rate of return. "The LIRP is not designed to be the primary source of retirement", says David. "Savings are designed to be a supplemental source of retirement savings". David goes over the type of life insurance agents you want to stay away from, and why you may want to embrace a stock market-type approach to investing. When it comes to the LIRP coming into play, the focus should be on an approach that involves both stock market and LIRP – as they both play an indispensable role in a comprehensive, and well-balanced, path to retirement planning. Mentioned in this episode: David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

Today's episode focuses on the difference between your effective and marginal tax rate and which one is relevant in different financial planning contexts. For David, the American tax system works exactly like a graduated cylinder: your money flows in and it goes all the way down to the bottom. Some of it gets taxed at 10%, some at 12, 24, 32, 35 or 37% – even Bill Gates briefly has some of his earned tax income tax at 10% before it goes all the way to 37%. David explains that the marginal tax rate is the rate at which you pay tax on the last dollar in your tax cylinder, while effective tax rate is your tax as a percentage of your table income. As a "rule of thumb", remember that your effective tax rate is always lower than your marginal tax rate. David shares that the single greatest decision on whether to undertake a Roth conversion is whether your tax rate will be higher now or in the future. He discusses a scenario in which you should use your marginal tax rate, and not your effective tax rate. Evaluating the benefits of certain deductions and calculating short-term capital gains are two additional scenarios in which you should use marginal tax rate. As a general rule, David recommends remembering that the higher your federal marginal tax rate, the more it makes sense to invest in a Roth IRA instead of in a taxable investment or brokerage account. 'Want to calculate what your effective tax rate is? Take your marginal tax rate and subtract 7,' says David. When it comes to mistakes, a common one people make is on deciding between the effective and the marginal rate – and this usually happens with a Roth conversion. Mentioned in this episode: David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube