The Power Of Zero Show

David explains how, normally, we think of the sequence of return risk as the risk associated with the order in which you experience investment returns in your stock market portfolio in retirement. There are a couple of different ways you can safeguard yourself against sequence of return risk. The first one is to allocate money to an annuity that provides for your income during those early years of retirement so that you aren't forced to take money out of the stock market. The second option is to build up cash value as long as you start with enough time before you retire. You can build up cash value inside your LIRP, and you can use that to pay for lifestyle expenses during the down years in the first 10 years of retirement. Lastly, you can shift money out of your stock market portfolio into what David refers to as time-segmented portfolios – short-term debt instruments designed to mature when you need the money. Segmented portfolios are a safe and productive way to mitigate sequence of return risk in the first 10 years of retirement. In Power of Zero, David describes 3 basic types of LIRP: the growth in your cash account being linked to investment bonds in the insurance companies of the general portfolio, the Interest Rate Sensitive Universal Life, and the so-called Variable Universal Life (VUL). For those of you who have VUL, it isn't necessarily time to panic, says Nelson. Mentioned in this episode: David's books: Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life and The Infinity Code DavidMcKnight.com PowerOfZero.com (free video series) @mcknightandco on Twitter @davidcmcknight on Instagram David McKnight on YouTube

There are dozens of contexts in which life insurance gets used, but 95% of the time, and from a Power of Zero planning standpoint, it gets used in two different ways. David explains how having a certain amount in your taxable bucket may sound great because it's liquid and you can access it, but by taking the inefficiencies in the taxable bucket, you amortize them out over the balance of your lifetime – and this may end up costing you hundreds and thousands of dollars. There are different ways you can skinny down your taxable bucket. The first one is utilizing your least valuable asset – your taxable bucket – and use that to pay for your lifestyle. Maximizing your 401k or, even better, your Roth 401k at work is a second way to skinny down your taxable bucket. The third way is to simply contribute to the Roth IRA. David suggests never letting a year go by where you don't contribute to the Roth IRA. The fourth way to skinny down a bloated taxable bucket, on the other hand, is by using those dollars to pay for the taxes on your Roth conversion. As David notes, if you're younger than 59 and a half, the only way to do a Roth conversion is if you have money sitting in your taxable bucket that you can earmark for the tax on that Roth conversion. And in case you try to have the IRS withholding tax from your Roth conversion when you're younger than 59 and a half, you'll get a 10% penalty even though you may be taking that money out and giving it back to the IRS in the form of taxes. If you're younger than 59 and a half, you can have taxes withheld directly from the Roth conversion itself, even though David doesn't recommend doing it. The last way you can spend down on a taxable bucket that has a balance that's far too high is by way of the LIRP. David explains that the LIRP is not designed to compete with your stock market investments, rather to serve as a bond replacement. Reaching into your investment portfolio, 'pulling out the bonds' and replacing them with the LIRP will get you a greater return, lower risk, and a lower standard deviation. It's just a more effective way to grow your money as a bond replacement. David sees growing your money between 5 and 7% without taking any more risk than what you're taking in your savings account as a safe and productive way to grow at least a portion of your retirement savings. David goes over how the LIRP can be much more efficient than simply growing dollars in the tax-free bucket.

David discusses how Mitt Romney is at the forefront of trying to save Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, solve the national debt problem, all while simultaneously trying to save the country. In a recent interview with former Power of Zero Show guest Maya MacGuineas, Mitt Romney discusses something that should resonate with you if you care about national debt and the future of the country. David believes that if Romney were to get through the Trust Act he has proposed, he could very well save the Republic. And he appreciates the fact that while some may avoid saying things that could get them voted out of office, Romney isn't afraid to speak his mind – something that David sees as a sign of integrity. In his interview with MacGuineas, Senator Romney talks about the frightening issue of the additional debt and the already existing debt, and points to the fact that over $400 billion was spent on the interest alone in 2021. David sees raising interest rates as the only way to combat inflation. Argentina, which has its inflation at 50%, recently raised their interest rates 250 basis points, from 40 to 42.5. For Senator Romney, at some point, the U.S. is going to be spending more on the interest than they are on their military (currently $700 billion). He isn't sure as to how you can be the leader of the free world if you're having to pay hundreds of billions of dollars in interest and can't even keep up with your military, education, support your health care system, and so forth. David Walker, author of America in 2040: Still a Superpower? A Pathway to Success, shared a similar feeling on the Power of Zero Show about a year ago – saying that a country can't remain a superpower for long if it can't get a handle on its finances. In the interview with Maya MacGuineas, Mitt Romney also touched upon the importance of taking action before trusts such as Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid run out of money. His words seem to indicate that dramatically cutting these programs for baby boomers isn't really in the cards, which leaves higher tax rates as the solution. An additional point Senator Romney made during his interview with MacGuineas is the fact that continuing to add debt at a time like this is threatening our future, as well as the future of our kinds and grandkids. Seniors need to be protected with Medicare and Social Security, as well as Medicaid and keep America strong. As history of great civilizations has taught us, a characteristic of their failures is the beginning of massive spending that was greater than the money that was taken in. For David McKnight, these possible solutions might be too little, too late, but he still admires Romney's willingness to discuss such a polarizing issue. In the interview, Senator Romney shares what he considers a possible solution to the issue at hand. And that is dividing the different trust funds and establishing a bicameral and bipartisan Rescue Committee of sorts for each one. This may not solve all four trust fund deficits but if a solution is found for any of them, and if it can bring balance and long-term solvency, it would create the impetus needed to take on the effort even further – and potentially solve all of them. David likes the fact that Romney brings Americans up by staying on the country's current fiscal path. Nobody would like for the U.S. to go bankrupt but people would like it even less when debt gets so large that the costs of service in it consumes the entire federal budget, and the benefits of the various programs would get cut dramatically. Baby boomers are the single largest voting block of the nation and they won't risk losing their Social Security, and Medicare benefits, as nobody wants to alienate that particular block of voters. However, it's going to be generation X and millennials who are going to pay the price – with Social Security age potentially being moved out to 72 or 75. Romney doesn't believe that most Americans realize that talks about balancing the budget are only matters related to one-third of the budget. David is encouraged by Senator Romney taking the problem head on, and identifying it as the foremost problem. He sees it as the type of leadership that David Walker called for in his most recent book. According to David, for people interested in adopting the Power of Zero approach to retirement, this means taking advantage of historically low tax rates while they're allowed every year. Mentioned in this episode: Interview between Maya MacGuineas and Mitt Romney

Mark Byelich doesn't know when taxes are ever going to be lower than they are right now. David sees Medicare, not Social Security, as the main issue because Medicare is five times more expensive and it's what's really going to be driving debt over time. David thinks that Social Security can easily be fixed by moving the age of retirement or by adding means testing like it happens in other countries. In his opinion, the challenge is how to renegotiate Medicare. It's what is increasing by 6% each year, on average. This, without taking into consideration that there are 10,000 baby boomers who are exiting the workforce. Mark confirms a question that was asked; the amount you can put in a Roth IRA annually, in 2022, is going to be limited. David believes that the direction capital gains are heading toward depends on who's in office. If you have Democrats at the Presidency, they're most certainly trying to raise them. Republicans tend to think that high capital gains affect the growth of the economy. If one leaves politics aside and looks at the math of it all, capital gains are going to have to rise precipitously – along with individual tax rates – or the U.S. is going to go broke as a country. David is a fan of extending the Roth IRA conversion period beyond 2026. In replying to a question that was asked, he discusses how he would prefer paying the 22-24% bracket up until 2026 rather than preventively paying the 32% bracket. He thinks that there is going to be a "perfect storm" in 2030; demographic, debt, and unfunded obligations – so you want to get things in order before then. There are a couple of things that have hit a nerve with David; bouncing into the 32% tax bracket and people wincing over IRMA. There's a trade-off, though; one can pay an increased IRMA in the short term to spare IRAs and Social Security from higher taxation over the long-term. If a person can get to 0% tax bracket in retirement by shifting most of their assets to tax-free, they would put themselves in a position where they wouldn't have to pay IRMA anymore, they wouldn't have to pay Social Security taxes anymore, and they would shield themselves from the impact of high tax rates down the road. David provides an overview of his books Power of Zero, Look Before Your LIRP, The Volatility Shield, Tax-Free Income for Life, and his upcoming one, the 75,000 word-long, The Infinity Code. David shares what is the greatest risk according to retirees; running out of money before you run out of life.

Normally, it takes a year to add $1 trillion to the national debt. With Covid-19, we have added $6 trillion to the debt. Something that usually happens in 6 years took place in 3 months. David believes that instead of cutting the various programs, the government is going to raise more taxes. Mark discusses main turning points of his career: being part of Ed Slott's mastermind group since 2011, seeing one of David's presentations, and getting a copy of The Power of Zero at a conference in San Diego back in 2015. Some of the studies Mark Byelich has done show that the average middle-class American will be in the 40 to 45% effective tax rate – within the next 10 years. David talks about the fact that some believe that rich people don't have the money for all that the government is offering. David answers a question related to what people should be doing. David wouldn't tell people 'Ok, we only have 4 years, now I'm going to bump up into the 32%.' David suggests people take advantage of these historically low taxes but don't succumb to the temptation to bump up into 32%. David discusses the fact that if Republicans were to get control of everything in 2024, they could extend the Trump tax cuts for another 8 years. For David, one of the tools they have to fight inflation is to raise interest rates. The problem is that the reason why the country is able to sustain this debt for a long period of time, is because the country has had historically low interest rates for so long. David shares something in the Constitution that says that the Federal Government is required to pay – simple work pensions, interest on the national debt, etc. Mark talks about the one item that's currently concerning him when it comes to the health of financial plans, and investing.

In a previous episode of the Power of Zero Show, David discussed the importance of having a guaranteed 0% loan provision in your LIRP. Beware: even if an insurance company has a guaranteed 0% loan provision, there's still another way that they can get you. There are two ways in which they can configure these loans: they can either charge you interest in advance or they can charge you interest in arrears. In the case of interest charged in advance, the insurance company charges you the interest rate at the beginning of the year in which you request a loan. If they were charging you 3% on a $100,000 loan, you would owe them $3000 at the beginning of the year. This means that since you need to pay out the interest at the beginning of the year – instead of at the end of the year – you lose out on the interest that money could have earned you had you been able to keep it inside your growth account and compounded it over the course of a year. With interest charged in arrears, on the other hand, you get charged the interest at the end of the year. This means the situation is very different, as you will have on hand the interest that they credited to your loan collateral account – and it pays for the cost of that loan. David shares that there's an insurance company out there that does charge interest in advance but goes about it differently. They credit your loan collateral account at an interest rate that's greater than the amount they charge you in advance – to compensate for the opportunity costs you lost out over the course of a year. In case you have a LIRP and would like to know whether your insurance company has interest in advance or arrears and what implications that might have, David recommends heading over to DavidMcKnight.com. You'll be connected to an elite member of the POZ advisory group. The Index Universal Life is the policy David prefers and recommends. The insurance company doesn't treat the premium the way a normal investment would get treated. There's a problem you may face, the problem of opportunity costs. As David explains, "if I give you a dollar that I didn't really need to give you, not only do I lose that dollar, but I lose what that dollar could've earned for me, had I been able to keep it and invest it over the balance of my life." According to David, the ideal scenario is working with a company that charges interests in arrears, offers a guaranteed 0% loan, and sweeps your money out of that on a daily or weekly basis.

Today's episode focuses on outlining the basic differences between long-term capital gains and ordinary income taxes, and showing how they interact with each other from a taxation perspective. The idea for the topic actually came from a question one of David's POZ advisors had received ahead of a recent webinar David hosted. Long-term capital gains typically get added to your Adjusted Gross Income (AGI), which is important, because your AGI determines whether you can contribute to Roth IRAs, or when you get phased out of certain deductions. Despite this, it's important to keep in mind that long-term capital gains get taxed in a completely different tax cylinder when compared to ordinary income. Long-term capital gains are completely different from short-term capital gains, in that they have their own tax cylinder that includes only three tax rates: 0, 15, and 20. The rate at which long-term capital gains get taxed depends on what your ordinary income tax rate is in a particular year. As David explains, it's important to remember that the amount of ordinary income you have – the actual amount of net taxable income – informs the taxes you pay on your long-term capital gains. For David, once you understand the difference between the two taxes, there are several interesting strategies you can implement. It's paramount to remember that ordinary income on the Roth conversion gets taxed first, while the long-term capital gains calculation takes place after that.

David's upcoming book, The Infinity Code, is a novel that talks about important financial concepts and themes, and that will keep you on the edge of your seat through the entirety of the read. The book will be available on Amazon and other stores soon. In David's opinion, starting a LIRP is a bit like getting married, so it's important to be meticulous in your research. When it comes to LIRPs, the IRS allows you to take a loan – the way these loans work is that instead of taking a loan from your cash value itself, you're taking it from a life insurance company. A zero cost loan, also known as a wash loan, is when, for example, you were charged 3% by the life insurance company. In order to make it an arms' length transaction, the amount they charge you and the sum they credit you is always the same. David warns against going for loans that don't have a guaranteed 0%. In an ideal-case scenario, you'd have tax-free and cost-free distributions. One of the issues that may raise has to do with the fact that for the IRS, if a person doesn't have at least $1 in their cash value when they die, then all of the tax-free loans they got along the way need to have their taxes paid back, all in the same year. David strongly believes that 0% spread loans are one of the stipulations that you must insist upon, when it comes to a LIRP. The cash value of a life insurance company might sound great, but it really is inconsequential when compared to what David sees as the most important provision: your loan provision. If you decide not to opt for a 0% spread that's guaranteed, then you run into the risk of having life insurance companies adjusting that in order to hit their quarterly forecast. Hence, it's paramount that you ask for a guaranteed 0% loan. For David, a good loan provision charges no net interest to the client, and it's also worded in a clear and unambiguous way. A band loan provision, on the other hand, not only has net interest, but it's also worded using nebulous terms, and has convenient escape clauses (convenient for the life insurance company, that is). David isn't convinced that most of the financial services industry understands the implications of these types of loans. Therefore, he recommends that, before you go down the road with a financial advisor talking about an LIRP, you insist upfront that they tell you all of the details of the loan provision of that particular contract. You should be familiar with your loan provisions because, otherwise, they will come back to bite you. The loan interest will accumulate, it will compound over time, and it will force you to go bankrupt years in advance than when you ever thought possible.

Episode 165 of the Power of Zero show covered how Joe Manchin gave a firm 'No' to Joe Biden's signature legislation, the Build Back Better plan, in its current form. This topic is of crucial interest in regards to Power of Zero planning, because had he gotten that legislation through, it would have required the changing of the U.S. tax code to pull it off – this would have extended the Trump tax cuts for middle America by another 8 years. Democrats managed to get Manchin back to the negotiating table but this came with a twist: they hadn't anticipated that he was prepared to bring forth a revised bill of his own. The $1.8 trillion compromise bill proposed by Manchin addressed the parts about climate change and childcare provision with the intention of changing them. According to anonymous sources, President Biden and Manchin were close to reaching a deal. Had they succeeded, the Trump tax cuts would have been extended for another 8 years. This would have been good news from a power of zero retirement planning strategy point of view but bad news for the fiscal condition of America. What transpired from a couple of articles published in The Washington Post and Yahoo.com was that the compromise proposal had been taken off the table – something that was later confirmed by an impatient-sounding Manchin himself. The likely outcome of all of this is the expiration of Trump tax cuts in 2025. As this appears to be the end of the Build Back Better plan, it's important to start looking at potentially stretching tax obligations out for more than 4 years. Also, the closer you get to 2026, the less sense it makes to try to get all of the heavy lifting done between now and then. David would warn against letting your shift plan go too long and get too close to 2030 and beyond, for the fact that the closer your shifting plans get to that year, the more likely the government will be to raise taxes to pay the interest on the national debt (which, as you may remember, is approaching $30 trillion). An economist David had recently listened to discussed how he had seen 3-4 interest rates happening over the course of the next 12 months. Paying the interest to service the national debt is likely to skyrocket, and it will consume more and more of the federal budget too. Year after year, every little uptick in interest rates increases the chances of tax rates rising dramatically between now and 2030 – otherwise, the U.S. could go broke as a country. These exploding interest rates may actually constrain the federal government to raise taxes. David suggests making sure that you get all of your asset shifting done before 2030. Unless Republicans gain control of the House and Senate, and the Presidency, in 2024, it looks like Trump tax cuts will expire in 2026. This will probably lead to many people not being able to get their shifting schedule completed before tax rates will go up for good.

As David explains, there are two ways of controlling our budget: raising revenue or reducing spending (or some combination of the two), just like an American household. Rebecca Walser thinks that Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) could be decimated by Covid-19. And there are a few key issues that have surfaced: the U.S. Government printing $8 trillion and the equity market going up over 40% (pre-Covid) with no economic fundamentals to support it, 10 million job openings, supply chain issues, as well as interest rates that are outrageous and inflation way too high year over year. Rebecca defines MMT as the theory that states that 'we can print money indefinitely and to perpetuity as long as we can service the debt.' However, MMT sort of requires that you don't believe in inflation any longer, for the fact that if MMT is true, then inflation will never occur. For Rebecca, the law of economics is just too big and too right to bow to the theory of MMT. As a result of that, we have a hard inflation that, despite manipulation by the U.S. Government by taking out food and energy, still leads to massive price increases year over year – increases that are not transitory. As Rebecca shares, from a perspective of tax law, life insurance is the only asset class that can have both tax-free income, a tax-free estate, and that can still be accessed during our lifetime. It's a combination of four different tax law provisions, no other asset class that has so many tax provisions specifically arranged around it. After seeing the impact of Corona – and the $8 trillion being spent – Rebecca has given up on rates normalizing over the next 20 years. She sees life insurance as the planning tool that can be leveraged from both an estate tax perspective, and what she refers to as a 'parallel wealth track'. The retirement of baby boomers represents the largest demographic shift in the history of America. 65 million more people coming out of the workforce and going on to social security and Medicare will lead the U.S. to have their back against the wall. According to Rebecca, the retirement of baby boomers is something that has been anticipated since the '70s but nothing has been done about it. As a result of this phenomenon, she predicts America will transition to a European taxation model. Rebecca doesn't consider herself a huge fan of leveraging income annuities, because she sees it as the equivalent of taking a pile of cash and creating a lifetime income stream. There's an exception to this last point, though: if Rebecca has a client she feels is going to really struggle to maintain their income for the rest of their life, then that is a perfect use for that particular vehicle. To Rebecca, it appears that people don't seem to realize that financial asset classes change over time. The downside is what makes retirees run out of money and it's something people don't plan for. However, it's a key factor because, as Rebecca explained, as long as you avoid the downside you "win the battle" – even if you planned on a mediocre 4% return for the rest of your life. As she shared, people are so used to chasing returns that they don't understand that there's a peak, a point in life at which a person moves from accumulation to distribution. Distribution rules are different from accumulation rules. There's a dilemma many of us face: how do we give our children something more than we had, without quenching their innate desire to make something for themselves because they have been challenged? This is one of the reasons why, in Rebecca's opinion, you see so many wealthy people's children going the wrong way - becoming addicted to a substance, etc. – because they just don't have an outlet for their individual need to become something.