This Week in Virology

Richard joins TWiV to discuss the SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug Molnupiravir , including how it was discovered, its mechanism of action, whether it is a mutagen for cells, and the future of drugs for treatment of COVID-19. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, and Brianne Barker Guest: Richard Plemper Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Richard on TWiV 636 Molnupiravir in ferrets (Nat Micro) Oral prodrug of Remdesivir in ferrets (Nat Commun) Letters read on TWiV 888 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – BioRender Poster Builder Alan – Hexbug cat toys Vincent – US Mint 2019 American Innovation Coin – PA – Polio Vaccine Listener Picks Sue – American Visionary Art Museum Frazer – Vaccine trial for killer elephant virus Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV explains why this season's influenza vaccine is not protecting against mild to moderate disease caused by H3N2 virus, and that antibody-dependent entry of SARS-CoV-2 into monocytes is a major contributor to severe COVID-19. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Amy Rosenfeld Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (MMWR) Properties of a dominant H3N2 variant (bioRxiv) Scott Henley on influenza vaccine growth in eggs (TWiV 480) Fc receptor dependent entry of SARS-CoV-2 into monocytes (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Ketanji Brown Jackson confirmed to US Supreme Court Amy – Some threats just keep coming in waves Rich – Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center Vincent – Martijn Doolaard Listener Picks Ann – Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines Chris – Isoplexis Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #109, Daniel Griffin discusses cardiac complications after infection or vaccination, long COVID in children, fourth vaccine dose in Israel, no need for fourth vaccine dose in EU, dexamethasone dosing, immunomodulation therapy, MIS outcomes in children, US long COVID effort launched, and herd immunity. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Cardiac complications after infection or vaccination (MMWR) Long COVID in children (Future Med) Fourth vaccine dose in Israel (NEJM) No need for fourth vaccine dose (Eur Med Agency) Dexamethasone dosing (Intensive Care Med) Actemra priority review (Roche) Guidelines on anticoagulation therapy (American Soc Hematol) MIS outcomes in children in children (JAMA) Biden launches long COVID effort (USA Today) Herd immunity and COVID (J Inf Dis) Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 886 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reveals an ACE2-dependent sarbecovirus from Russian bats that is not inhibited by anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and a modified vaccinia virus Ankara vectored vaccine that protects nonhuman primates from Delta infection. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Sarbecovirus from Russian bat (bioRxiv) MVA vectored COVID vaccine (Sci Immunol) Letters read on TWiV 885 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – The Search for a Model Octopus That Won't Die After Laying Its Eggs Rich – Vaccine Pioneers and Opponents with Paul Offit (Podcast: Connected by Controversy by Chris White) and The Cutter Incident by Paul Offit Vincent – Simply Put: Vaccines Save Lives Listener Picks Rich – 'Stolen' Charles Darwin notebooks left on library floor in pink gift bag Neva – Elin Thomas, UK textile artist Viki – History of English Podcast Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Vincent and Amy explain how asthmatic bronchial smooth muscle increases rhinovirus replication in the bronchial epithelium, and mimicry of IL-17 by the ORF8 protein of SARS-CoV-2. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Amy Rosenfeld Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Asthmatic bronchial smooth muscle and rhinovirus (Cell Rep) SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 mimics IL-17 (mBio) Letters read on TWiV 884 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Amy – Ben Franklin by Ken Burns Vincent – Thoughts on a second booster: Offit and Krause/Borio Listener Picks Philip – History of Clemson Blue Cheese Jack – Pipeline and A Special Report on Polio Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #107, Daniel Griffin reviews vaccine booster doses, at-home testing, transmission in ferrets, improving indoor air quality, trials of BCG, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine, vaccination during pregnancy, mRNA vaccines and Fc functions, anti-platelet and aspirin therapy and a trial of prone positioning. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode FDA authorizes second booster (FDA) Second booster and mortality (Res Square) Booster effectiveness vs hospitalization (MMWR) SARS-CoV-2 confections (Lancet) At-home testing (MMWR) Transmission study in ferrets (PLoS Path) Improving indoor air quality (EPA) BCG vaccine no effect on viral infections (Clin Inf Dis) Vaccination during pregnancy (JAMA) mRNA vaccines and different Fc functions (Sci Transl Med) Ivermectin clinical trial (NEJM) Fluvoxamine clinical trial (Lancet) Antiplatelet therapy (JAMA) Aspirin and in-hospital mortality (JAMA) Proning trial (Brit Med J) Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PWB 41:20 Letters read on TWiV 883 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Vincent and Brianne review the need to better understand T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection to better inform public health decisions, and how IL-1 and IL-1ra are important regulators of the inflammatory response to RNA vaccines. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Understanding T cell responses during COVID-19 (Science Immunol) IL-1 and IL-1ra are keys to inflammation after RNA vaccination (Nature Immunol) Letters read on TWiV 882 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Covid restrictions prevented dengue in hundreds of thousands of people in 2020 Vincent – Scotch Dual Lock 250 Reclosable Fastener Listener Picks Erin –JWT Preparation and Xploration Outer Space Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

TWiV describes the identification of a monoclonal antibody that provides broad protection against a variety of hantaviruses, and development of an oral remdesivir-like antiviral that ameliorates viral disease in mice. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Amy Rosenfeld Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Monoclonal antibody provides broad hantavirus protection (Sci Transl Med) Prometheus Project (TWiV 578) Oral antiviral related to Remdesivir (Sci Transl Med) Letters read on TWiV 881 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – World's tallest wooden building Amy – Virus hunter in the Wuhan market Rich – WorldPop (example) Vincent – Karst Stone Paper Listener Picks Neva – Can we vaccinate against EBV? and Paul Sutter reading a science paper Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #107, Daniel Griffin discusses Moderna vaccine results in children, hospitalization by ethnicity, BA.2 severity in children, placentitis and thrombohematoma during pregnancy, predictive value of symptoms for diagnosis, Evusheld activity against BA.1 and BA.2, Remdesivir resistance, Ivermectin with and without strongyloidiasis, inhaled ciclesonide, home telemonitoring, pulse oximetry for remote monitoring, effectiveness of anti-platelet therapy, and deaths in Zambia. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Moderna vaccine results in children (Moderna) Delta/Omicron hospitalization by ethnicity (MMWR) Intrinsic BA.2 severity in unvaccinated children (Lancet) Children and COVID state-level data (AAP) Placentitis and thrombohematoma during pregnancy (JAMA) Predictive value of symptoms for diagnosis (Clin Inf Dis) FDA to discuss booster strategy (FDA) Evusheld activity against BA.1 and BA.2 (AstraZeneca and bioRxiv) Remdesivir resistance in immunocompromised patient (Nature Comm) Ivermectin for COVID with and without strongyloidiasis (JAMA) Inhaled ciclesonide for outpatient treatment (Clin Micro Inf) Home telemonitoring for infection (J Telemed Telecare) Effectiveness of pulse oximetry in remote monitoring (Lancet) Effects of anti-platelet therapy (JAMA) COVID deaths in Zambia (medRxiv) Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PWB Letters read on TWiV 880 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews the emergence of remdesivir-resistant SARS-CoV-2 during treatment of a persistently infected immunocompromised patient, and how altered TMPRSS2 utilization by the Omicron variant influences infectivity and fusion. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode ASV 2022 Emergence of remdesivir resistance (Nature Comm) How to stall a copy machine (TWiV 819) Omicron altered TMPRSS2 usage (Nature) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – NSURP 2022 Kathy – Virology Jobs Rich – 10 Steps from Seed to Cup (Graphic) Alan – Fathoms: The World in The Whale, by Rebecca Giggs Vincent – Worldwaterday.org Listener Picks Jeremy – Archaeology of Light Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv