This Week in Virology

TWiV explains why the concept of herd immunity might not apply to COVID-19, and the observation that smallpox vaccination causes an increase in skin bacteria that promote pathology and influence the immune response. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Herd immunity may not apply to COVID-19 (J Inf Dis) Smallpox vaccination increases skin bacteria (PLoS Path) The invinceable TWiV (TWiV 145) By the pricking of my thumbs… (TWiV 284) Letters read on TWiV 898 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Bacteria and Me Coloring Book Kathy – Smarter 3D printing Rich – Big Ben Restoring the Worlds Most Famous Clock 2021 Vincent – Scientific review articles as antivaccine disinformation Listener Pick Suellen – Your Fantastic Mind Season 3 Ep 2: Long COVID and Making of a Brain Surgeon (Full Episode) Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #113, Dr. Griffin discusses tocilizumab use in hospitalized Patients, IL-6 inhibitors and mortality, Baricitinib in hospitalized patients, post-infection neurological sequelae, comparative effectiveness of Pfizer and Moderna vaccines, phase 2/3 study of Paxlovid, infection relapse following Paxlovid, pre-hospital administration of Remdesivir, and hospitalization with different variants. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Timing of Tocilizumab Use in Hospitalized Patients (NIH) Interleukin-6 inhibitors reduce mortality (European Journal of Internal Medicine) Treatment Effect of Baricitinib on Hospitalized Patients (IDSA) Post Infection Neurological Sequelae (Res Square) Comparative Effectiveness of Pfizer and Moderna Vaccines (Nature Commun) Results from Phase 2/3 Study of Paxlovid (Pfizer) Infection Relapse Following Suppression by Paxlovid (Res Square) Update on Paxlovid Usage (FDA) Availability and Use of Treatments in Outpatients (CDC) Pre-Hospital Administration of Remdesivir (IDSA) Remdesivir and three other drugs for Hospitalized Patients (Lancet) Guidelines on Usage of Anticoagulants (Am Soc Hematol) Different Variants Hospitalization and Morality (Res Square) Contribute to FIMRIC fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 897 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains a study of how climate change is predicted to increase cross-species viral transmission risk, and increased memory B cell potency and breadth after a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine boost. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Amy Rosenfeld Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Climate change and viral zoonosis risk (Nature) COVID-19 mRNA boost effect on memory B cells (Nature) Letters read on TWiV 896 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Toots Thilelemans Amy – Largest comet ever identified Vincent – Scientific review articles as antivaccine disinformation Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #112, Dr. Griffin reviews seroprevalence of infection-induced antibodies, Moderna filing for vaccine authorization in young children, public health impact of vaccines in US, FDA approval of first treatment for young children, phase 2 data for Sabizabulin, and post infection inflammation. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Seroprevalence of Infection-Induced Antibodies (CDC) Authorization for Vaccine in Young Children Filed (Moderna) Public Health Impact of Vaccines in US (BMJ) FDA authorizes first approved treatment for children (FDA) Phase 2 Data for Sabizabulin (Veru Pharma) Clinical Characteristics of Post Infection Inflammation (The Lancet) Fact Sheet for Providers on Evusheld (FDA) Fact Sheet for Providers on Paxlovid (FDA) Provider Referral for EvuSheld (Northwell Health) Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 895 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV explains what is known about cases of acute, severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children, and discovery of an inhibitor of TMPRSS2 protease that blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Alan Dove, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Severe hepatitis in children (WHO) TMPRSS2 inhibitor (Nature) Omicron less dependent on TMPRSS2 (TWiV 879) Letters read on TWiV 894 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – Apple AirTag Kathy – Dental art/sculpture/mobile/chandelier Alan – Vintage Radio and Communications Museum of Connecticut Vincent – For the Love of Enzymes by Arthur Kornberg Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

Kartik, Denise, and Gorka join TWiV to discuss their finding that changes in the surface glycoprotein of South American yellow fever virus lead to reduced neutralization by antibodies induced by the vaccine, which is derived from an African isolate. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Brianne Barker Guests: Kartik Chandran, Denise Haslwanter, and Gorka Lasso Cabrera Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Prometheus project (TWiV 578) Reduced neutralization of South American yellow fever virus (Cell Host Microbe) Letters read on TWiV 893 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Earth Day and Earth Day History Brianne – XKCD: Family Reunion Vincent – Tokaido: A Journey (DVD) Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #111, Dr. Griffin discusses vaccine coverage and mortality in Hong Kong, immune response to boosters in kids, hospitalization of kids, breath based diagnostic test, viral co-infections, bivalent mRNA vaccine, intramuscular Evusheld, and global long COVID. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Vaccine coverage and mortality, Hong Kong (MMWR) Kids behind on routine vaccinations (Politico) Immune response to booster, 5-11 year olds (Pfizer) Children and vaccination (AAP) Hospitalization of 5-11 year olds (MMWR) Test using breath samples (FDA) Influenza virus, adenovirus, RS virus co-infections (Lancet) Booster crystal ball (TWiV 890) Bivalent vaccine (Res Square) Bivalent vaccine in mice (bioRxiv) Intramuscular Evusheld (NEJM) Global PASC (J Inf Dis) Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 892 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

Elke, Adam, and Gabor join TWiV to discuss their work on Lloviu virus, a filovirus, including recovery of infectious virus from a DNA copy of the genome and from Schreiber's bats in Hungary. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Rich Condit, Kathy Spindler, and Brianne Barker Guests: Elke Muhlberger, Adam Hume, and Gabor Kemenesi Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Elke on TWiV 200 and Threading the NEIDL Infectious Lloviu virus from bats in Hungary (Nat Commun) Infectious Lloviu virus from DNA (PloS Path) Letters read on TWiV 891 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Brianne – APod Stars and Globules in the Running Chicken Nebula Kathy – BioRender Poster Builder Rich – The Sins of Our Fathers: An Expanse Novella (The Expanse) by James S. A. Corey Vincent – Baumgartner Restoration Listener Pick J – Time, Einstein, and the coolest stuff in the Universe Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

This episode of TWiV is focused on COVID-19 vaccines and antibodies: who should get boosters, whether a variant matched mRNA vaccine is superior to a historical vaccine, and how the interval between vaccination and infection influences the quality of the antibody response. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Rich Condit, and Brianne Barker Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode What next for COVID-19 boosters? (NEJM) Boosting with historical or variant mRNA vaccines (Cell) Vaccination-infection interval determines antibody breadth (Cell Med) Letters read on TWiV 890 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Webb Telescope's coldest instrument reaches operating temperature Brianne – Video of a CTL killing a tumor cell Rich – Our Unfinished Pandemic (On the Media Podcast) Vincent – Lý Thị Ca Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In COVID-19 clinical update #110, Dr. Griffin covers hospital admissions during variant outbreaks, viral load in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, predictive capacity of symptoms in children, comparison of antigen tests, incidence of myocarditis after vaccination, steroids during replication phase, Paxlovid efficacy and safety, fluvoxamine, sabizabutin, colchicine, and prevalence of infection in Africa. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Hospital admissions during Omicron and Delta variant outbreaks (Lancet) Viral load in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals (Nat Med) Predictive Capability of symptoms in children (Clin Inf Dis) Comparison of antigen tests (medRxiv) Incidence of Myocarditis after COVID19 and non-COVID19 vaccination (Lancet) Steroids during viral replication phase (Resp) Paxlovid efficacy and safety (Pfizer) Fluvoxamine & Outpatient Management (JAMA) Sabizabutin efficacy and safety (Veru) Colchicine and lack of benefit (Lancet) SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in Africa (medRxiv) Contribute to ASTMH fundraiser at PWB Dr. Griffin's treatment guide (pdf) Letters read on TWiV 889 33:35 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv