FACTS

What if the Old Testament you grew up reading isn’t as fixed as you think?In this episode, we dive into the real evidence behind the Septuagint (LXX), the Masoretic Text (MT), and the Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS)—and what they reveal about the state of Scripture in the first century.From Goliath’s height to the missing verses of Esther, from Genesis chronologies to Stephen’s speech in Acts of the Apostles, we uncover a world where multiple textual traditions existed side by side—and sometimes disagreed.Was the Septuagint just a translation… or does it preserve an older form of the Hebrew text?Did the New Testament authors rely on a different Bible than the one we use today?And what do the Dead Sea Scrolls actually prove?This episode challenges the assumption that the Old Testament was ever a single, settled text—and shows why that matters for how we understand Scripture today.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

Most people assume that the Jewish canon of Scripture was already fixed and universally agreed upon in the time of Jesus—but the historical evidence tells a very different story.In this episode of FACTS, Stephen Boyce and Pat May take a deep dive into the world of Second Temple Judaism to examine what different Jewish groups actually believed about Scripture. From the Pharisees and Sadducees to the Qumran community (Essenes), we uncover a landscape of textual diversity, competing authorities, and a canon that was still developing.Did the Sadducees really only accept the Torah?Were the Pharisees already using the full Hebrew Bible?Why were books like Enoch and Jubilees preserved at Qumran?And what does all of this mean for how we understand the Old Testament today?We’ll also explore the role of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the rise of rabbinic Judaism after 70 AD, and how the idea of a “closed canon” emerged over time—not before Christ.If you’ve ever been told that “the Jews had a settled canon,” this episode will challenge that assumption and walk through the actual historical evidence.Join us as we separate tradition from history and take a closer look at the formation of the Hebrew Scriptures.#DeadSeaScrolls #BiblicalCanon #OldTestament #SecondTempleJudaism #MasoreticText #Septuagint #BibleHistory #ChurchHistory #Apologetics #FACTSPodcastIf you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

Joined by Steven Alspach from The Catholic Brothers, we break down the historical context behind iconography and examine where Gavin Ortlund and other Protestant critiques miss the mark. From the early Church to the development of Christian art, we take a closer look at the evidence and challenge some of the most common assumptions surrounding icons.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7#GavinOrtlund #IconsDebate #ChristianHistory #ChurchHistory #EarlyChurch #Iconography Link to the Catholic Brothers: http://www.youtube.com/@TheCatholicBrothersLink to their on the Temple: https://youtu.be/Vasj98P1WAw?si=fyNvA7nIkkyfhj8dLinks to Gavin's videos: https://youtu.be/_ytYX4dXpRo?si=HoiYCDSIuF6esx0Zhttps://youtu.be/aoU4PO5d6kQ?si=pvD1NeDf1x1MiQmm

In this episode, Dr. Stephen Boyce explores the origin and historical development of the Septuagint (LXX), the earliest Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures. We examine the ancient traditions surrounding its creation under Ptolemy II Philadelphus, including the well-known account preserved in the Letter of Aristeas and later repeated by Philo of Alexandria and Flavius Josephus. We also discuss how the translation likely developed historically within the Jewish community of Alexandria as Greek became the common language of the Mediterranean world.Along the way, we look at key textual examples showing the importance of the Septuagint for biblical studies and early Christianity, including the famous textual variant in Gospel of Luke 10 concerning whether Jesus sent out seventy or seventy-two disciples, and the missing “nun” verse in Psalm 145 preserved in the Septuagint and confirmed by Hebrew manuscripts from the Dead Sea Scrolls. These examples highlight how the Septuagint sometimes preserves readings that reflect an earlier textual tradition than the later Masoretic Text. This episode helps listeners understand why the Septuagint became the primary Old Testament of the early Church and why it continues to play a crucial role in biblical scholarship today.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

In this episode of FACTS, Stephen Boyce and Pat May explore the life and controversy surrounding Marcion of Sinope—one of the most influential and dangerous figures in the history of early Christianity.Arriving in Rome in the mid–second century, Marcion brought with him wealth, influence, and a radical theological proposal. He argued that the God of the Old Testament was not the same God revealed by Jesus Christ. Rejecting the Hebrew Scriptures entirely, Marcion promoted an edited version of the Gospel of Luke and a shortened collection of Paul’s letters as the only legitimate Christian writings.His teachings quickly sparked a crisis within the Church. Around A.D. 144, the Roman church formally expelled Marcion and returned the large donation he had given to the Christian community. Yet the impact of his ideas did not end there. Marcion went on to establish a rival movement that spread throughout the Roman world, forcing early Christian leaders to more clearly articulate the unity of Scripture and the authority of the apostolic writings.In this episode, we examine Marcion’s background, his theology, the events leading to his expulsion from Rome, and why the controversy surrounding him became one of the most important moments in the development of the New Testament canon.#ChurchHistory #Marcion #EarlyChristianity #NewTestament #FACTSIf you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7Tertullian on Marcion: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/03121.htmIrenaeus on Marcion: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0103304.htm

Were the resurrection accounts contradictory, or are we reading them with the wrong expectations?In this episode, we take a careful look at the resurrection narratives in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Rather than forcing harmonization or dismissing differences as errors, we examine how ancient historians wrote, how eyewitness testimony was preserved, and how narrative compression, selective naming, and staggered arrivals help make sense of the details.We explore the role of the women at the tomb, Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the mother of James, and Salome, and consider why their consistent presence across the Gospels matters historically. We also look closely at Peter and John’s visit to the tomb and the significance of the burial cloths described in John’s account.When read within their ancient context, the resurrection narratives do not collapse under scrutiny. Instead, they reflect the texture of remembered events told from distinct but overlapping perspectives.Join us as we reconsider what the Gospels are, and how they should be read.Here's a link to Stephen's newest paper: https://www.academia.edu/164899261/Reconsidering_the_Resurrection_NarrativesIf you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

In this episode of FACTS, Dr. Stephen Boyce explores one of the most beautiful and overlooked writings of the early Church — the Epistle to Diognetus. Written in the second century, this anonymous apology offers a stunning portrait of early Christian identity before Constantine, before the great councils, and before Christianity held cultural influence.What did Christians actually believe about their place in the world?How did they explain themselves to pagan critics?And what does it mean that Christians are described as “the soul in the body” of the world?We’ll examine the historical background of the letter, its theology, its apologetic strategy, and its powerful vision of Christians living as citizens of heaven while dwelling among the nations. Long before Christendom, this text shows us a faith that was confident, distinct, and radically countercultural.If you want to understand how the earliest Christians saw themselves — and what that means for the Church today — this episode is for you.#ChurchHistory #EarlyChristianity #EpistleToDiognetus #Patristics #Apologetics #FACTSPodcastIf you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7Link to the Letter: https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0101.htm

Is Ash Wednesday apostolic? Medieval? Biblical? Or something in between?In this special Ash Wednesday episode of FACTS, Dr. Stephen Boyce examines the historical development of the imposition of ashes, tracing its roots from the biblical symbolism of dust and repentance to the public penitential practices of the early Church, and finally to its formal codification in the medieval West.Were ashes universally practiced in the early centuries? How did Lent develop into a 40-day fast? Why does the East not observe Ash Wednesday in the same way as the West? And does later liturgical development undermine theological legitimacy?Rather than sentimentality or polemics, this episode offers careful historical analysis—grounded in Scripture, the Fathers, and liturgical history. Ash Wednesday may not be apostolic in its fixed form, but its symbolism is deeply biblical and its theology profoundly Christian: we are dust, and we stand in need of repentance.Join Dr. Boyce for a historically grounded exploration of how dust became devotion.

Stephen Boyce and Pat May examine Against Heresies Book III, chapters 3–4 from Irenaeus of Lyons to explore a bold claim: that the early Church could have sustained itself in faith and practice even if the apostles had never left written texts.According to Irenaeus, the apostolic tradition was deposited in the successors of the apostles and preserved publicly in the churches. So much so that even illiterate “barbarians,” without a Bible in hand, were able to refute heretics by holding fast to the rule of faith they had received.#SolaTraditio #TraditionAlone #MissingSola #ReformationDebate #ChurchHistory #EarlyChurch #Irenaeus #AgainstHeresies #apostolictradition Link to Irenaeus: https://ccel.org/ccel/irenaeus/against_heresies_iii/anf01.ix.iv.v.htmlIf you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7

In this co-recorded discussion with Susan Sonna, we take a careful, historically grounded look at Origen of Alexandria, cutting through centuries of caricature and polemics to ask a more basic question: Who was Origen actually, and how should the Church understand his legacy?Rather than treating Origen as either a misunderstood saint or a condemned heretic, this conversation focuses on primary sources, historical context, and reception history. We explore Origen’s role as a foundational biblical exegete, his influence on the Nicene Fathers, and the crucial distinction between Origen’s own theology and the later Origenist controversies that erupted centuries after his death.Special attention is given to: • Origen’s method of biblical interpretation • His Christology and doctrine of the eternal Word • How figures like Athanasius and the Cappadocians engaged him • The difference between speculative exercises and settled doctrine • And why later condemnations often reflect sixth-century debates, not third-century realitiesThe goal of the discussion is not to rehabilitate Origen uncritically, but to redeem the historical conversation—to read him as the early Church read him: critically, appreciatively, and with theological discernment.This episode is for listeners who want a more precise, historically responsible account of Origen, beyond soundbites and inherited assumptions.If you'd like to donate to our ministry or be a monthly partner that receives newsletters and one on one discussions with Dr. Stephen Boyce, here's a link: https://give.tithe.ly/?formId=6381a2ee-b82f-42a7-809e-6b733cec05a7