

Carry the Two
IMSI
Carry the Two pulls back the curtain to reveal the mathematical and statistical gears that turn the world. We’re the show for people who enjoy discovering hidden elements that impact our lives in the most unexpected ways, and math is certainly one of those!
We are a curiosity-driven podcast that looks to find unique perspectives from the fields of mathematics and statistics.
We use stories to convey how mathematical research drives the world around us, with each episode tackling a different topic. This can be anything from modeling how bees in a swarm make group decisions to how we can use textual analysis to reveal surprising changes in policy documents.
You can also find Carry the Two on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, Google Play, and Spotify.
Carry the Two is hosted by Sadie Witkowski and Ian Martin. Audio production by Tyler Damme. Music is from Blue Dot Sessions.
We are a curiosity-driven podcast that looks to find unique perspectives from the fields of mathematics and statistics.
We use stories to convey how mathematical research drives the world around us, with each episode tackling a different topic. This can be anything from modeling how bees in a swarm make group decisions to how we can use textual analysis to reveal surprising changes in policy documents.
You can also find Carry the Two on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, Google Play, and Spotify.
Carry the Two is hosted by Sadie Witkowski and Ian Martin. Audio production by Tyler Damme. Music is from Blue Dot Sessions.
Episodes
Mentioned books

Sep 27, 2022 • 28min
Wilson Cunningham on Math, Baseball, and the Cubs
For this episode, host Sadie Witkowski goes a bit off-script. Sadie is joined by sports reporter Jon Zaghloul to interview rookie Cubs pitcher and applied math University of Chicago undergraduate Wilson Cunningham. This conversation ranges from interests in mathematics and statistics to applying those statistics to baseball.
Find our transcript here: LINK
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
University of Chicago’s story about Wilson’s baseball career: https://news.uchicago.edu/story/cubs-prospect-pitcher-wilson-cunningham-balances-rigorous-uchicago-college-education-baseball-training
Chicago Tribune’s story about Wilson’s baseball career: https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-university-chicago-cubs-baseball-rookie-pitcher-20220723-66rzhlqhuredta67nchmfcg7xy-story.html
Discover more about UChicago’s Computational and Applied Mathematics Program: https://cam.uchicago.edu/
Hear more of Jon’s reporting: https://linktr.ee/jonzsports
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (instagram) IMSI.institute
Follow Wilson Cunningham: @wils_cunningham
Follow Jon Zaghloul: @JonZSports
This episode was audio engineered by Tyler Damme.
Music by Blue Dot Sessions.
The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348.

Sep 13, 2022 • 2min
Mini Season Announcement
We're taking a short break to prepare our mini season, as well as start working on season 2. So stay tuned!
Find our transcript here: LINK
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (instagram) IMSI.institute
This episode was audio engineered by Tyler Damme.
Music by Blue Dot Sessions.

Aug 30, 2022 • 23min
Ben Reuveni on Statistical Learning
Even if you don’t think you’re good at math, it turns out that our brains are basically little statistical machines. Learning a new language, whether as a baby or as an adult attempting to become bilingual, means recognizing the underlying statistical patterns within language. Don’t believe us? Take it from the researchers at Duolingo!
We’re rounding out our first season of the show with Duolingo learning scientist Ben Reuveni, PhD.
Find our transcript here: LINK
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
Put your statistical learning to the test at www.duolingo.com
To learn more about language and how the folks at Duolingo think about it, check out https://blog.duolingo.com/
keep your eyes open for the recently announced Duolingo Math app https://www.duolingo.com/math
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (instagram) IMSI.institute
Follow Ben Reuveni: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ben-reuveni/
This episode was audio engineered by Tyler Damme.
Music by Blue Dot Sessions.

Aug 16, 2022 • 29min
Sharon Di on Autonomous Vehicles
Self-driving cars evoke an image of perfectly synchronized traffic moving through streets as all the vehicles coordinate with each other. Of course, this is a future vision and not the current state of autonomous vehicles. But the process of going from a few self-driving cars to a fully automated grid will be a slow process.
Sharon Di, traffic engineer and Columbia University researcher, is here to help explain how engineers and policymakers think about these issues.
Find our transcript here: LINK
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
Video of waymo car failing to merge: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/video/sciencetech/video-1752896/Video-Waymos-self-driving-minivans-struggles-merge-left-lane.html
Arizona ring road experiment: http://csl.arizona.edu/content/dampening-traffic-waves-autonomous-vehicles
Academic review article about AV ring road studies: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3494577
Video of Sharon’s talk at IMSI: https://www.imsi.institute/videos/driving-and-routing-games-for-autonomous-vehicles-on-networks-a-mean-field-game-approach/
Video explainer on traffic and self-driving cars: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iHzzSao6ypE
Check your feed to see previous episodes mentioned, including Dario on Honeybees and Merouane on 5G.
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (instagram) IMSI.institute
Follow Sharon Di: https://www.civil.columbia.edu/faculty/sharon-di
This episode was audio engineered by Tyler Damme.
Music by Blue Dot Sessions.

Aug 2, 2022 • 31min
Richard Smith on 100-year-floods
Some rare weather events, like the 100-year-flood, are confusingly named. This is because 100 years refers to a statistical probability and not a guaranteed rate. That, combined with our changing climate, means predicting future weather events can be difficult. Thankfully, we have statistical tools to help us with this problem!
Sadie and Ian speak with Richard Smith about climate change, rare weather events, and how climate modeling works.
Find our transcript here: LINK
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
Learn about the topics covered in IMSI’s fall program, Confronting Global Climate Change: https://www.imsi.institute/activities/confronting-global-climate-change/
Watch Richard’s presentation on detection and attribution for spatial extremes: https://www.imsi.institute/videos/detection-and-attribution-for-spatial-extremes/
Thanks to the Texas Tribune for their reporting on the 2021 winter storm and Hurricane Harvey. Specifically,
https://www.texastribune.org/2022/02/17/texas-winter-storm-2021-stories/
https://www.texastribune.org/2018/01/06/tide-high-wading-through-hurricane-harveys-damage-audio/
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (instagram) IMSI.institute
Follow Richard Smith: https://rls.sites.oasis.unc.edu/
This episode was audio engineered by Tyler Damme.
Music by Blue Dot Sessions.

Jul 19, 2022 • 24min
Merouane Debbah on 5G
5G technologies have long been the subject of concerns and conspiracy theories, especially because many 5G towers rolled out around the same time as the start of the COVID19 pandemic. This episode’s guest, Merouane Debbah, has heard all sorts of stories because of his research. Merouane uses math to study wireless communication and how to improve cell phone technology, including 5G (and 6G!) networks.
In this episode, Sadie and Ian talk about the history of wireless technology, the future of AI, and the math behind it all.
Find our transcript here: LINK
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
https://www.imsi.institute/videos/distributed-network-design-in-the-era-of-deep-learning-part-1/
https://www.imsi.institute/videos/distributed-network-design-in-the-era-of-deep-learning-part-2/
(One of Merouane’s talks for IMSI - Introduction to Distributed Solutions)
Looking towards 6g and beyond: https://wired.me/technology/artificial-intelligence/tii-op-ed-ai-cross-center-unit/
Teaching machines to talk like humans: https://www.bizpreneurme.com/researchers-teaching-machines-to-talk-like-humans/
Scientific article on distributed signal processimg: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00422
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (instagram) IMSI.institute
Follow Merouane Debbah: @debbahmerouane
This episode was audio engineered by Tyler Damme.
Music by Blue Dot Sessions.

Jul 5, 2022 • 19min
Dario Bauso on Honeybees
Welcome to the second episode of Carry the Two! We’re the show for people who enjoy discovering hidden elements that impact our lives in the most unexpected ways.
In this episode, Ian and Sadie talk about how honeybees decide on new hive locations when they outgrow their current home. With the help of mathematician Dario Bauso, they learn how researchers use mean field games to model such decision-making and how it applies to other cases as well.
Find our transcript here: LINK
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
https://www.imsi.institute/videos/mean-field-game-for-collective-decision-making-in-honeybees-via-switched-systems/ (Dario’s talk at IMSI)
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9529000
L. Stella, D. Bauso, P. Colaneri, "Mean-Field Games for Collective Decision-Making in Honeybees via Switched Systems", IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, online doi: 10.1109/TAC.2021.3110166
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005109818305375
L. Stella and D. Bauso, “Bio-inspired evolutionary dynamics on complex networks under uncertain cross-inhibitory signals", Automatica vol. 100, 2019, pp. 61--66
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0073216
D. Pais et al., "A mechanism for value-sensitive decision-making", PLoS ONE, vol. 8, no. 9, Sep. 2013
10.1109/LCSYS.2018.2838445
L. Stella and D. Bauso, “Bio-Inspired Evolutionary Game Dynamics in Symmetric and Asymmetric Models", IEEE Control Systems Letters, 2.3 2018 pp. 405--410
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (instagram) IMSI.institute
Follow Dario Bauso: @g_t_engineering
This episode was audio engineered by Tyler Damme.
Music by Blue Dot Sessions.
Special thanks to Dario Bauso, the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation, the University of Chicago, and the National Science Foundation. The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348.

Jun 21, 2022 • 29min
Carrie Diaz Eaton on Equity in Policy Documents
Welcome to the very first episode of Carry the Two! We’re the show for people who enjoy discovering hidden elements that impact our lives in the most unexpected ways, and today we’re taking a look at how Carrie Diaz Eaton and colleagues use the tool set of mathematics to reflect on STEM (science, technology, engineering, & mathematics) policy documents. Specifically, Carrie used her mathematical know-how to quantify how a policy document from the National Academies of Science, Medicine, and Engineering was altered between the interim and final report. And, what those changes meant for issues of including diverse audiences in STEM.
Find our transcript here: LINK
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/5837t/
https://inquire.catapult.bates.edu/
https://www.msri.org/workshops/1022/schedules/30110 (MSRI video of her talk)
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (instagram) IMSI.institute
Follow Carrie Diaz Eaton: @mathprofcarrie
This episode was audio engineered by Tyler Damme.
Music by Blue Dot Sessions.
Special thanks to Carrie Diaz Eaton, the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation, the University of Chicago, and the National Science Foundation. The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348.

Jun 14, 2022 • 1min
Introducing: Carry the Two
Check out our new mathematics and statistics podcast, Carry the Two, coming out on June 21st.


