

Carry the Two
IMSI
Carry the Two pulls back the curtain to reveal the mathematical and statistical gears that turn the world. We’re the show for people who enjoy discovering hidden elements that impact our lives in the most unexpected ways, and math is certainly one of those!
We are a curiosity-driven podcast that looks to find unique perspectives from the fields of mathematics and statistics.
We use stories to convey how mathematical research drives the world around us, with each episode tackling a different topic. This can be anything from modeling how bees in a swarm make group decisions to how we can use textual analysis to reveal surprising changes in policy documents.
You can also find Carry the Two on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, Google Play, and Spotify.
Carry the Two is hosted by Sadie Witkowski and Ian Martin. Audio production by Tyler Damme. Music is from Blue Dot Sessions.
We are a curiosity-driven podcast that looks to find unique perspectives from the fields of mathematics and statistics.
We use stories to convey how mathematical research drives the world around us, with each episode tackling a different topic. This can be anything from modeling how bees in a swarm make group decisions to how we can use textual analysis to reveal surprising changes in policy documents.
You can also find Carry the Two on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, Google Play, and Spotify.
Carry the Two is hosted by Sadie Witkowski and Ian Martin. Audio production by Tyler Damme. Music is from Blue Dot Sessions.
Episodes
Mentioned books

Mar 26, 2026 • 20min
Mathematics & Gambling Episode 3: Even More Casino Games
David Taylor, mathematician and author who studies the probability of gambling. He breaks down craps rules and point-phase odds. He compares pass and don't-pass bets and explains free odds and house edge. He covers blackjack strategy and card counting limits. He contrasts poker’s skill dynamics, starting hands, bluffing frequency, and how rake changes incentives.

Mar 12, 2026 • 15min
Mathematics & Gambling Episode 2: Casino Games
Welcome to Carry the Two, the podcast about how math and statistics impact the world around us from the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation. In this season of Carry the Two we are going to be examining how math and stats intersect with the world of gambling. This episode is all about casino slot machines and roulette. Hosts Sam Hansen and Sadie Witkowski are joined by David Taylor mathematician, Assistant Vice President at SUNY Erie, and creator of a course and author of a book on the mathematics, statistics, and probability of gambling.
Find our transcript here: Google Doc or .txt file
Make sure to check out David's Book
Games, Gambling, and Probability: An Introduction to Mathematics
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (bluesky) IMSI.institute (instagram) IMSI.institute
Music by Blue Dot Sessions
The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348

Feb 26, 2026 • 16min
Mathematics & Gambling Episode 1: Lotteries
David Taylor, mathematician and author who teaches the math of gambling, guides a deep dive into lotteries. He explains expected value with coin and die examples. He shows when massive jackpots can make ticket EV positive and why that rarely helps individual players. He contrasts scratch-off mechanics, fixed odds, tracking prizes, and how design errors can be exploited.

5 snips
Oct 13, 2025 • 33min
Emerging Technologies Episode 6: Digital Twins
Karen Willcox, a leading aerospace engineering professor and director at the Oden Institute, dives into the fascinating world of digital twins. She explains how these virtual models use real-time data to mirror physical systems. Learn about their applications from enhancing flight simulators to optimizing healthcare imaging for cancer treatments. Uncover the mathematical foundations behind digital twins and how uncertainty quantification plays a vital role. Plus, discover the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration in developing these high-tech assets.

Sep 25, 2025 • 47min
Emerging Technologies Episode 5: Computation Imaging
Join experts Rebecca Willett, a computational imaging innovator, Stanley Chan, a long-distance optics specialist, and David Lindell, a high-speed imaging pioneer. They dive into how phone cameras rectify distortions and the challenge of restoring blurry images without original sensors. Discover the intricacies of adaptive optics for clear long-distance imaging and the impressive capabilities of single-photon detectors. They also explore future imaging frontiers, showcasing how new technologies can capture phenomena at staggering speeds, even light propagation!

24 snips
Sep 11, 2025 • 48min
Emerging Technologies Episode 4: Materials Science
Logan Ward is a PhD computational scientist at Argonne National Labs, while Jason Hattrick-Simpers is a professor of material science at the University of Toronto. They dive into the evolution of materials science, emphasizing collaboration between computational scientists and experimentalists. Topics like bias in scientific models and the journey of converting salty water into lithium for batteries highlight the challenges faced in research. Their insights on data accessibility and the importance of transparency in scientific methodologies are both enlightening and thought-provoking.

Aug 29, 2025 • 36min
Emerging Technologies Episode 3: Fusion Energy
Welcome to Carry the Two, the podcast about how math and statistics impact the world around us from the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation. In this season of Carry the Two we are going to be examining how math and stats is helping scientists, engineers, and industry develop new and emerging technologies. Our third episode is all about Fusion Energy. Hosts Sam Hansen and Sadie Witkowski are joined by Andrew Christlieb, Professor of mathematics and computational science and engineering at Michigan State University and director for the Center of Hierarchical and Robust Modeling for Non-Equilibrium Transport, and Cristina Rea, principal research scientist here at the Plasma Science and Fusion Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and leader of the Disruption Studies Group.
Find our transcript here: Google Doc or .txt file
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
Open and FAIR Fusion for Machine Learning Applications
Predicting fusion ignition at the National Ignition Facility with physics-informed deep learning
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (bluesky) IMSI.institute (instagram) IMSI.institute
Music by Blue Dot Sessions
The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348

4 snips
Aug 14, 2025 • 35min
Emerging Technologies Episode 2: Computation Medicine
Yixiang Deng, an assistant professor specializing in machine learning for diabetes management, and Fides Schwartz, a radiologist focusing on advanced CT imaging, share their insights on computational medicine. They discuss innovative glucose monitoring using machine learning, aiming to create an artificial pancreas. The duo also explores the significance of patient involvement in AI-driven health decisions and the balance of human expertise in radiology amid rising AI technology. Their engaging banter illustrates the fascinating intersection of mathematics and healthcare.

Jul 31, 2025 • 44min
Emerging Technologies Episode 1: Quantum Information Science
Welcome to Carry the Two, the podcast about how math and statistics impact the world around us from the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation. In this season of Carry the Two we are going to be examining how math and stats is helping scientists, engineers, and industry develop new and emerging technologies. Our first episode is all about Quantum Computing and Information Science. Hosts Sam Hansen and Sadie Witkowski are joined by Ben Brown, researcher at IBM Quantum, and Yihui Quek, postdoc at MIT and incoming assistant professor at EPFL, Ecole Polytechnic Federal in Lausanne, for a discussion about quantum error correction and mitigation, as well as Dylan Temples, a Lederman Postdoctoral Fellow at Fermi National Accelerator Lab, who works at the intersection of dark matter direct detection and quantum information science.
Find our transcript here: Google Doc or .txt file
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
Mitigating errors in logical qubits
Surviving as a quantum computer in a noisy world
Design directions in qubit-based dark matter sensors
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (mastodon) https://sciencemastodon.com/@IMSI, (instagram) IMSI.institute
Music by Blue Dot Sessions
The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348

May 1, 2025 • 21min
Lars Peter Hansen on Uncertainties in the Age of Climate Change
Welcome to Carry the Two, the podcast about how math and statistics impact the world around us from the Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation. While we’re in between our more in-depth seasons, we like to bring you something a little different in mini-season format. And for this mini season, we are going to highlight some of the amazing researchers who have presented at IMSI over the past year. Our sixth, and final, guest is Lars Peter Hansen. Lars is the 2013 recipient of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics and a Professor at the University of Chicago with appointments at the Economics Department, the Booth School of Business, as well as the Statistics Department.. Lars joined us at IMSI for a workshop on Economic Impacts of Climate Change where he presented a talk titled: How should Climate Change Uncertainty Impact Social Valuation and Policy? Host Sam Hansen joined Lars for a conversation about the research in his talk and Lars’s time at IMSI.
Find our transcript here: Google Doc or .txt file
Curious to learn more? Check out these additional links:
Lars Peter Hansen
Article: How should Climate Change Uncertainty Impact Social Valuation and Policy
Follow more of IMSI’s work: www.IMSI.institute, (Bluesky) @imsi.institute, (twitter) @IMSI_institute, (instagram) IMSI.institute
Music by Blue Dot Sessions
The Institute for Mathematical and Statistical Innovation (IMSI) is funded by NSF grant DMS-1929348


