JAMA Clinical Reviews

Brian T. Feeley, UCSF shoulder surgeon and sports medicine researcher, and Thomas Ibounig, Finnish shoulder surgeon and rotator cuff MRI investigator, discuss MRI shoulder findings. They cover why imaging-driven diagnostics need scrutiny. They describe high prevalence of age-related MRI abnormalities and rising full-thickness tears with age. They debate report language, risks of overdiagnosis, and when to order MRI.

Michel Azizi, Professor of Vascular Medicine at Georges Pompidou University Hospital, offers clinical expertise on resistant hypertension. He defines true resistance versus white coat effects. He explains accurate home and ambulatory blood pressure measurement. He reviews lifestyle changes, medication sequencing including diuretics and mineralocorticoid antagonists, and emerging device and drug options.

Elissa (Alyssa) Abrams, MD, MPH, pediatric allergy professor and food allergy expert, discusses peanut allergy basics and impact. She covers who is affected and typical symptoms. She explains testing limits, early infant introduction findings, and prevention trends. She highlights treatment options from epinephrine routes to oral immunotherapy and emerging therapies.

Neil Iyengar, Associate Professor of Hematology and Oncology at Emory who studies obesity-related cancer biology and survivorship. He discusses which cancers are linked to excess weight and how adipose dysfunction, inflammation, and metabolic shifts may promote tumors. He covers impacts on anti-tumor immunity, the role of the microbiome, weight-loss strategies including GLP-1 agents, and prevention by avoiding obesity.

William Chey, a gastroenterologist and academic leader at the University of Michigan, discusses chronic noninfectious diarrhea. He covers definitions and prevalence, the roles of IBS-D and functional diarrhea, and key history questions. Bile acid diarrhea and microscopic colitis are highlighted, along with recommended baseline tests and indications for endoscopy. Practical treatments and the low FODMAP diet are also reviewed.

Alan Lyles, professor of medicine and senior author on the Rational Clinical Examination, walks through practical tools for assessing volume overload. He discusses symptoms and bedside signs, the value and limits of peripheral edema, crackles, chest x‑ray, and BNP. He also explores POCUS techniques — JVP, IVC, and lung B‑lines — and how clinicians can integrate them into practice.

Desmond Schatz, Professor of Pediatrics and type 1 diabetes researcher and clinician, joins to unpack diagnosis and care. He outlines definitions and prevalence, contrasts pathophysiology with type 2, and reviews antibody and C‑peptide testing. He covers genetic risk, possible viral triggers, stages of progression, latent adult forms, insulin delivery options, hybrid closed‑loop systems, continuous glucose monitoring, and goal metrics.

Mark Cuban, entrepreneur and cofounder of the Cost Plus Drug Company, pushes for price transparency and cost‑based drug pricing. He discusses how PBMs and insurer formularies create market inefficiency. He explores manufacturer direct-to-consumer distribution, employer negotiation strategies, and proposed payment reforms to curb high drug costs.

Alexander Walley, a Boston University professor and addiction medicine clinician, walks through medications for opioid use, withdrawal, and overdose. He explains how buprenorphine works and its formulations. He compares methadone and buprenorphine, covers naltrexone initiation challenges, details withdrawal timelines and treatments, and reviews naloxone routes and community dosing.

Jurgen M. Piek, gynecologic oncologist and researcher focused on ovarian cancer prevention, discusses opportunistic removal of fallopian tubes during pelvic surgeries. He covers the shift recognizing tubes as a cancer origin, evidence for large risk reduction, minimal impact on ovarian function, practical surgical timing, and strategies to expand safe implementation.