JAMA Clinical Reviews

Jurgen M. Piek, gynecologic oncologist and researcher focused on ovarian cancer prevention, discusses opportunistic removal of fallopian tubes during pelvic surgeries. He covers the shift recognizing tubes as a cancer origin, evidence for large risk reduction, minimal impact on ovarian function, practical surgical timing, and strategies to expand safe implementation.

Michelle Marie O'Shaughnessy, MB, BCh, BAO, MS, a consultant nephrologist from the University of Galway, provides clinical expertise on IgA nephropathy. She explains the disease mechanism and classic presentation. She covers who is most affected, how it is diagnosed including biopsy indications, key prognostic factors, lifestyle recommendations, and emerging targeted therapies.

Join John W. Winkelman, a Harvard Medical School psychiatry professor and expert in sleep disorders, as he unravels the mysteries of restless legs syndrome (RLS). He discusses defining symptoms like the evening urge to move and dives into genetic and neurochemical factors, including the role of iron and dopamine. Winkelman also reveals prevalence patterns, effective diagnosis techniques, and first-line treatments like gabapentinoids. Plus, explore nonpharmacologic strategies and hear about the RLS Foundation’s resources for those affected!

In this insightful discussion, G. Caleb Alexander, a practicing internist and epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins, dives into the complex regulation of mifepristone, the widely used abortion drug. He sheds light on FDA approval standards, the unique challenges posed by political scrutiny, and key regulatory moments since its approval. Alexander highlights the importance of transparency through Freedom of Information Act requests and addresses ongoing legal battles impacting access. His nuanced analysis reveals the intersection of science and policy in reproductive health.

Haeseong Park is an Associate Professor of Medicine at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and an expert in gastrointestinal oncology. In this discussion, he highlights the alarming rise of gastric cancer incidence among younger individuals and its status as a leading cause of cancer deaths globally. Park delves into the significant role of Helicobacter pylori, along with other modifiable risk factors like smoking and obesity. He also contrasts screening methods between the U.S. and countries with national programs, emphasizing the need for improved prevention strategies and tailored treatment approaches.

Discover the latest in obesity treatments with insights on incretin-based medications, showcasing impressive weight loss stats. Gastrointestinal side effects are discussed alongside dietary tips to enhance medication adherence. Hypothyroidism's risk factors and prevalence are explored, emphasizing tailored levothyroxine dosing. Dive into diabetes care as experts dissect evolving treatment options and screening guidelines for better outcomes. This informative discussion promises to keep healthcare professionals updated and engaged.

Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, a physician-scientist and Editor-in-Chief of JAMA, joins Jennifer Abbasi to unveil the journal's Research of the Year. They explore significant topics such as groundbreaking studies on hypertension and heart failure, the impact of lifestyle interventions on cognitive decline, and the benefits of real-world evidence in clinical trials. Kirsten also highlights a crucial shingles vaccine study linked to dementia and discusses the implications of AI in healthcare research. Their insights provide a fascinating glimpse into the year's most impactful findings.

Francesca Celletti, a Senior Advisor at WHO focusing on obesity, and Ezekiel Emanuel, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, dive into the WHO's new guidelines on GLP-1 therapies for obesity treatment. They discuss crucial recommendations, the importance of ongoing data, and the gap in long-term understanding. Concerns about side effects, lifestyle interventions, and equitable access are raised. Both emphasize that while medications are essential, solving obesity requires systemic changes and collaboration.

Dr. Lara Dunn, a head and neck medical oncologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, shares her expertise on head and neck cancer, the seventh most common cancer worldwide. She explores the connection between tobacco, alcohol, and HPV as risk factors. The conversation highlights screening challenges for HPV-associated cancers and the importance of HPV status in prognosis. Dunn also discusses treatment strategies tailored by stage and emphasizes the need for supportive care before and after treatment.

Neelima Tummala, an ear, nose, and throat specialist at NYU Langone Health, discusses the alarming impact of climate change on allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. She highlights how rising temperatures and CO2 levels are extending allergy seasons and increasing pollen production. Tummala shares practical strategies for patients, such as using purifiers and optimizing medication timing to align with pollen shifts. She emphasizes the importance of education and advocacy for public health in the face of climate challenges.