Colloques du Collège de France - Collège de France

Emmanuelle PorcherCollège de FranceBiodiversité et écosystèmesAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Nouvelles approches pour le suivi des plantes, des pollinisateurs et de leurs interactions dans un monde en changement : Structured Monitoring of Wild Flora in France Demonstrates 15 Years of Plant Community Changes Related to Climate Change and Pollinator LossGabrielle MartinEnseignante-chercheuse à l'université de Toulouse III Paul Sabatier et au Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement (CRBE)RésuméStandardised long-term biodiversity monitoring schemes, based on repeated visits to fixed sites, offer the possibility of comparing biodiversity in space and time, while avoiding most of the biases associated with opportunistic data, particularly when the monitored sites are a representative (random) sample of ecosystems. When information on abundance is collected, standardised monitoring enables the detection of subtle temporal changes in populations, species and communities.In France, Vigie-flore is such a standardised monitoring scheme targeting wild flora launched in 2009, involving amateur and professional botanists to survey plant communities across all habitat types. The monitoring data have revealed an ongoing, nationwide reshuffling of plant communities in response to climate change, but also a decline of common insect-pollinated species over the last decade, with consequences for community composition. These studies contribute to highlighting rapid changes in wild flora on a national scale and identifying plausible mechanisms. We will discuss the direct implications for conservation and the perspectives of this plant monitoring scheme.Gabrielle MartinI am an associate professor in botany and plant community ecology at Toulouse University and at the Centre de Recherche sur la Biodiversité et l'Environnement since 2021. Previously a post-doctoral researcher in plant community ecology at the Centre des Sciences de la Conservation (CESCO) at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle and at the Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie after a PhD in ecology (MNHN). I study how, and with what intensity, the various components of global change affect the composition of plant communities and changes in species abundance, using trait-based approaches and spatio-temporal analyses. My current research focuses on the impacts of global change on wild flora, the links between temporal trends in species and plant life history traits, the detection of syndromes in the response of species and groups of species, and the identification of the spatial heterogeneity of threats to flora. I am teaching botany, plant biology and plant ecology at university at undergraduate and postgraduate level.

Emmanuelle PorcherCollège de FranceBiodiversité et écosystèmesAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Nouvelles approches pour le suivi des plantes, des pollinisateurs et de leurs interactions dans un monde en changement : NOVANA – Monitoring Danish Terrestrial HabitatsBodil EhlersDepartment of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, DenmarkChristian DamgaardDepartment of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, DenmarkRésuméRésuméThe Danish monitoring program NOVANA has recorded the community composition of higher plants and selected soil chemical variable in terrestrial habitats since 2004. The monitoring program was developed as a response to the EU habitat directive and covers 32 open habitats (dunes, heathlands, grasslands, bogs) and 10 forest habitat types in two bioregions (Atlantic and Continental). The data consists of a total of 2,722 sites, 26,606 plots, and 70,481 plots*year combinations. Selected results will be presented.Bodil EhlersPhd in 2000. Has for the last ten years worked as senior scientist at the department of Ecoscience, University of Aarhus. Main research area is Plant Evolutionary and Community Ecology with a specific focus on understanding the role of plant secondary compounds and functional traits for plant-plant interactions, and plants adaptation to the abiotic and biotic environment.Christian DamgaardDr. Scient., Professor at the Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University. CD's interests cover plant population and community ecology, where he has developed empirical ecological models that have been applied to ecological data using advanced statistical methodology.

Emmanuelle PorcherCollège de FranceBiodiversité et écosystèmesAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Nouvelles approches pour le suivi des plantes, des pollinisateurs et de leurs interactions dans un monde en changement : Biodiversity Monitoring in Switzerland: Current State and Insights into Plant-Pollinator InteractionsJérôme FreiSenior Policy Advisor, Federal Office for the EnvironmentTobias RothSenior scientists, Hintermann & Weber AG / University of BaselRésuméSwitzerland's biodiversity is systematically surveyed by an array of programs, each designed to cover distinct facets of biodiversity across spatial scales as well as policy evaluation needs.Although each initiative has discrete aims, collectively, they form a complementary set of programs that collect data, when analyzed in combination, offer significant added value to document and understand biodiversity trends. One of these programs is the Swiss Biodiversity Monitoring (BDM) which focuses on the collection of data on common and widespread species, thereby illuminating developments in the normal landscapes outside protected areas. Special attention is paid to vascular plants and butterflies, which are recorded on the same study plots. Since the start of the program in the early 2000s, an increase in common species diversity has been observed for both groups. While a large portion of this increase can be attributed to climate change, other factors such as agricultural promotion measures contributed as well. However, only a subset of species benefited from these changes, and over time, species communities of both plants and butterflies became more homogeneous, indicating biotic homogenization. It is likely that these changes also impacted plant-pollinator interactions. For example, the overall increase in plant species richness was mostly driven by wind-pollinated species. In contrast, species with complex flowers, which are essential for specialized groups of flower-visiting insects profited less. The presentation will end with a look forward, identifying current gaps in the Swiss monitoring system and discussing approaches to address these gaps.Jérôme FreiJérôme Frei is a scientific employee at the Federal Office for the Environment in the division Biodiversity and Landscape (section biodiversity policy) where he is responsible for the major national monitoring and evaluation biodiversity programs of Switzerland (BDM, WBS, ALL-EMA and MHB). His tasks include promoting collaboration and coordination between the different programs. He promotes research work on biodiversity data and facilitates the communication of results of the different monitoring and evaluation programs to policy-makers and decision-makers. He holds a PhD in biology and a master in sustainable development. Previously, he worked at the Federal Office for Agriculture where he we was in charge for the agri-environmental monitoring and was involved in the development of agrienvironemntal schemes to promote biodiversity in farmland.Tobias RothMy research is centred on using data from large-scale field surveys such as the Biodiversity Monitoring Switzerland, to better understand how biodiversity responds to global change such as nitrogen deposition, land-use, or climate-change. I focus on the human-dominated landscapes in Switzerland and aim to provide information that can be used in biodiversity conservation.

Emmanuelle PorcherCollège de FranceBiodiversité et écosystèmesAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Nouvelles approches pour le suivi des plantes, des pollinisateurs et de leurs interactions dans un monde en changement : Tracking Plant Population Dynamics with a Citizen Science NetworkMaría Begoña GarcíaResearcher, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (CSIC), SpainRésuméLong-term monitoring is a crucial tool for anticipating population collapse, which is particularly important in the case of priority species (rare, endangered or threatened). The 'Adopt a plant' programme was launched in 2013 as a collaborative network for monitoring plant populations in a heterogeneous landscape in northeastern Spain. Coordinated by scientists, participants (volunteers and rangers) estimate population sizes, record disturbances and follow rigorous sampling methods to track plant abundance year after year. This information allows us to estimate the long-term trend and temporal variation of nearly 300 populations. Regardless of the method used, we produce standardised indices of abundance change and, interestingly, stability resulted to be the dominant trend, particularly for priority species. Such information is crucial for reporting the conservation status of threatened plants and plants of Community interest (Habitats Directive). Our unexpected finding also highlights the importance of collecting large-scale information in order to refine conservation priorities and achieve a more comprehensive assessment of the vulnerability of the flora.María Begoña GarcíaI work in Conservation Ecology, and more specifically in the "long-term dynamics of biodiversity". I conduct studies that combine field data with new technologies in order to develop efficient monitoring systems, develop methods and models to support decision making on conservation problems, produce reliable indicators of biodiversity change, and generate early warning signals. I work in Conservation Ecology, and more specifically in the "long-term dynamics of biodiversity". I conduct studies that combine field data with new technologies in order to develop efficient monitoring systems, develop methods and models to support decision making on conservation problems, produce reliable indicators of biodiversity change, and generate early warning signals I work in Conservation Ecology, and more specifically in the "long-term dynamics of biodiversity". I conduct studies that combine field data with new technologies in order to develop efficient monitoring systems, develop methods and models to support decision making on conservation problems, produce reliable indicators of biodiversity change, and generate early warning signals. Since 2013 I coordinate a citizen science network involving more than 200 volunteers and rangers, who monitor plant populations over an ample environmental gradient in NE of the Iberian Peninsula. More than 300 plant populations are censused yearly to obtain population trends.

Emmanuelle PorcherCollège de FranceBiodiversité et écosystèmesAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Nouvelles approches pour le suivi des plantes, des pollinisateurs et de leurs interactions dans un monde en changement : The National Plant Monitoring Scheme, a New Direction for UK Plant Recording?Oliver L. PescottPlant Ecologist, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford, UKRésuméVolunteer-based plant monitoring in the UK has focused historically on distribution mapping, with less emphasis on the collection of data on plant communities and habitats. However, abundance monitoring for other groups of organisms is well-established, e.g. for birds and butterflies, and UK conservation agencies have long desired comparable schemes for plants. We describe the first nine years of a new plant citizen science scheme for the UK, the 'National Plant Monitoring Scheme'. Scheme development emphasised volunteer flexibility through co-creation and feedback, whilst retaining a rigorous approach to sampling design. Comparisons with professional surveys have allowed for an understanding of the likely biases inherent to our approach, and model-based adjustments for these are being explored. Understanding the strengths and limitations of the NPMS will guide development, increase trust in outputs, and direct efforts for maintaining volunteer interest, as well as providing a set of ideas for other countries to experiment with.Oliver L. PescottOli is a plant ecologist who specialises in the design, management and analysis of volunteer-collected botanical datasets ("citizen science"). Within this area he has been instrumental in highlighting and addressing issues of bias, and has recently published the first ever "risk-of-bias" tool for descriptive inference in ecology ("ROBITT"). His botanical experience covers both the field- and desk-based ends of plant ecology; for example, he contributed to the recent Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland's (BSBI) Plant Atlas 2020 as a surveyor, analyst and editor. He is also the current Recording Secretary for the British Bryoloical Society, the referee for alien grasses for the BSBI, and the local bryophyte recorder for Oxfordshire. His other interests include invasive non-native species, the impacts of environmental change on biodiversity, and the communication and presentation of uncertainty in biodiversity trend analyses.

Emmanuelle PorcherCollège de FranceBiodiversité et écosystèmesAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Nouvelles approches pour le suivi des plantes, des pollinisateurs et de leurs interactions dans un monde en changement : IntroductionEmmanuelle PorcherDirectrice du Centre d'écologie et des sciences de la conservation au MNHN, professeure invitée du Collège de France

Philippe AghionCollège de FranceÉconomie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissanceAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : The missing workers: Innovation and demographics after World War IColloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.Intervenant(s)Antonin Bergeaud, "The missing workers: Innovation and demographics after World War I"(Co-author: J.B. Chaniot)Discussant: Dan Gross

Philippe AghionCollège de FranceÉconomie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissanceAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : Inventor Returns and MobilityColloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.Intervenant(s)Dietmar Harhoff, "Inventor Returns and Mobility"(Co-authors: D. Heller, P. Momtaz)Discussant: Mercedes Delgado

Philippe AghionCollège de FranceÉconomie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissanceAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : NPL vs. NLP: Analysing the links between science and technology using citations and semanticsColloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.Intervenant(s)Dominique Guellec, "NPL vs. NLP: Analysing the links between science and technology using citations and semantics"(Co-authors: M. Amdaoud, J. Liu, W. Mesheba, J. Quemener, D. Sapinho, J-M. Deltorn)Discussant: Manuel Trajtenberg

Philippe AghionCollège de FranceÉconomie des institutions, de l'innovation et de la croissanceAnnée 2023-2024Colloque - Conference on the Economics of Innovation in Memory of Zvi Griliches : How Technological Innovation Affects Retirement DecisionsColloque en anglais organisé par Philippe Aghion, Lee Branstetter et Adam Jaffe.Intervenant(s)John Bound, "How Technological Innovation Affects Retirement Decisions "(Co-authors: J. Bound, C. Fang)Discussant: Kathy Shaw