#55 Scott Page: Becoming a Model Thinker

Written in 1958, 'The Rise of the Meritocracy' is a satirical work that projects a future society in 2034 where the concept of meritocracy has led to a rigidly stratified society. The book argues that the formula 'IQ + effort = merit' has become the basis for social hierarchy, resulting in a significant gulf between the highly intelligent upper classes and the less intelligent lower classes. Young critiques the idea of meritocracy, highlighting its potential to create a society where the upper classes lack empathy for the lower classes and where social mobility is severely limited. The work is notable for its insightful and often humorous critique of the potential consequences of a meritocratic system.

In this conclusion to the Age of Madness trilogy, Joe Abercrombie depicts a world in the midst of the Great Change, where the Breakers and Burners have seized power, and the old order is being torn down. The story follows characters like Citizen Brock, Citizeness Savine, King Orso, and Rikke as they navigate the chaos, destruction, and political upheaval. The book explores themes of governance, survival, and the complexities of human behavior during times of revolution and societal collapse. Known for his vivid characterizations, dark humor, and intense action sequences, Abercrombie delivers a morally complex and gripping conclusion to the trilogy.

Set in a future where humanity is threatened by the Formics, an insect-like alien species, the novel follows Ender Wiggin, a child prodigy who is drafted into Battle School at the age of six. Ender undergoes intense military training, including zero-gravity battles and psychological manipulation, to prepare him to lead the human fleet against the Formics. The book explores themes of war, leadership, and the moral complexities of using children as soldiers. It is known for its deep and complex sensibilities, and its ability to pose profound questions about the nature of war and humanity.

Gerd Gigerenzer's "Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart" challenges the notion that humans are inherently flawed decision-makers. Gigerenzer argues that simple heuristics, or mental shortcuts, can be surprisingly effective in making decisions, particularly in uncertain environments. He presents evidence that these heuristics are often more efficient and robust than complex algorithms. The book explores the ecological rationality of heuristics, emphasizing their adaptation to specific environments. It offers a valuable perspective on the cognitive processes underlying decision-making.