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Middle Ages 5: The Crusades -- Why Did They Happen?

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May 3, 2017
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INSIGHT

Turkish Advance Pressured The West

  • The Seljuk Turk advance after 1071 created a new geopolitical threat that alarmed Byzantium and Western Europe.
  • Byzantine pleas for military help pressured the papacy to consider mobilizing Western knights.
INSIGHT

Crusade As Papal Political Strategy

  • Urban II linked an eastern expedition to solving internal Western Church and political problems.
  • A united crusade could mend East-West tensions and rally fractious secular rulers behind papal authority.
INSIGHT

Knights Needed A Legitimate Outlet

  • Western knights faced a moral tension: warfare was their identity but church teaching condemned violence.
  • The peace and truce of God movement limited private warfare, creating pressure for outlets like crusading.
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