
The History of Literature 786 Cherokee Novelist and Poet John Rollin Ridge (with Travis Franks)
Mar 23, 2026
Travis Franks, an assistant professor studying Native and Indigenous literature, discusses John Rollin Ridge, the Cherokee-born author of the first Native American novel. They explore Ridge’s turbulent life, his novel about Joaquín Murrieta, contradictions in his politics and actions, and newly uncovered early poems that reshape what we know about his beginnings.
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Ridge's Literary Fame Masks a Traumatic Political Legacy
- John Rollin Ridge is best known as the first Native American novelist but saw himself primarily as a newspaperman and poet.
- His family (Major Ridge and John Ridge) signed the Treaty of New Echota and were later assassinated, which haunted his life and work.
Childhood Witness to His Father's Assassination
- At age 12 John Rollin Ridge witnessed his father's assassination and later recounted that trauma repeatedly in his life and writing.
- That early violence shaped his identity, fueled his vendettas, and influenced his later claim of killing men in revenge.
Killing, Flight, and a Gold Rush Reboot
- In 1849 Ridge killed a man named David Kell after a dispute (partly over a gelded horse) and fled to California fearing a rigged prosecution.
- He joined the Gold Rush as a 49er, taking an enslaved man, Wakuli, with him and later sending him back to remain enslaved.



