Talks from the Hoover Institution

Character And Country: The Responsibilities Of American Leadership

Mar 26, 2026
Ryan Holiday, bestselling author and modern Stoic interpreter, and General Jim Mattis, retired Marine Corps general and former Secretary of Defense, discuss the character that sustains a republic. They explore Stoic virtues, Washington and Lincoln as models, civic duty versus rights, the responsibilities of military obedience, and how disciplined leadership shapes strategy and alliances.
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ANECDOTE

Mattis Carried Marcus Aurelius Into Combat

  • Jim Mattis discovered philosophy amid repeated crises and carried Marcus Aurelius on deployments to steady himself.
  • He used Stoic study to calm purposefully in combat and relied on values to model leadership under pressure.
INSIGHT

Founders Turned To Stoic Wisdom In Crisis

  • The founders and Stoics provided a tested moral framework that leaders return to in crises.
  • Ryan Holiday and General Jim Mattis point out Stoicism's longevity: leaders historically read philosophy to learn how predecessors handled similar trials.
INSIGHT

Washington Used Stoic Self Control To Lead

  • George Washington applied Stoic self-control to temper and leadership, learning to listen and restrain himself.
  • Mattis argues Washington's restraint and habit of listening made his army survive against superior British forces.
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