
Talks from the Hoover Institution Character And Country: The Responsibilities Of American Leadership
Mattis Carried Marcus Aurelius Into Combat
- Jim Mattis discovered philosophy amid repeated crises and carried Marcus Aurelius on deployments to steady himself.
- He used Stoic study to calm purposefully in combat and relied on values to model leadership under pressure.
Founders Turned To Stoic Wisdom In Crisis
- The founders and Stoics provided a tested moral framework that leaders return to in crises.
- Ryan Holiday and General Jim Mattis point out Stoicism's longevity: leaders historically read philosophy to learn how predecessors handled similar trials.
Washington Used Stoic Self Control To Lead
- George Washington applied Stoic self-control to temper and leadership, learning to listen and restrain himself.
- Mattis argues Washington's restraint and habit of listening made his army survive against superior British forces.





























Margaret Hoover moderated a conversation with General Jim Mattis, former U.S. Secretary of Defense, and Ryan Holiday, bestselling author and modern interpreter of Stoic philosophy, on the character that sustains a republic. Drawing on experience in military command, classical philosophy, and the enduring example of America’s founding generation, including their shared admiration for George Washington, the discussion explored the virtues that have defined American leadership at its best: discipline, moral courage, humility in the exercise of power, and a profound sense of duty.
This live episode of Firing Line considered how those principles continue to define the American idea, and what they require of leaders and citizens alike in the decades ahead.

