Clauses & Controversies

Ep 168 - Are CACs Unilateral Modification Clauses?

Jan 12, 2026
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INSIGHT

English Law CACs May Allow Unilateral Investor Modifications

  • English-law ICMA CACs appear to permit bondholders with the requisite vote to propose and enact substantive changes without explicit issuer consent.
  • Mark Weidemaier and Mitu note the English text omits the New York-style requirement that proposals be made by the issuer, suggesting a potentially unilateral investor modification power.
INSIGHT

New York CACs Explicitly Center Issuer Proposals

  • The hosts contrast New York and English CAC drafting: New York clauses explicitly frame votes as issuer proposals, while English clauses do not.
  • They highlight this drafting gap could let investors control proposals and modify maturity, currency, place of payment, and governing law.
INSIGHT

Procedural Roles Might Constrain But Not Prevent Changes

  • Practical constraints may limit investor action: high voting thresholds and trustee/issuer procedural roles can check wholesale unilateral changes.
  • But the hosts stress those administrative roles aren't clearly substantive restraints in the English drafting.
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