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Clash of cultures: how interpreters bridged the gap between Britain and China

HistoryExtra podcast

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How to Translate a Chinese Word Into English

You always, you've always got to make choices. So for example, the Chinese had the word for foreigners, and this is the word e. And this term e is a term which has been translated subsequently as barbarian. When the British found they were being described as barbarian, they were furious. But that word e is used up in North China for the Mongols who are very much the most longer part of the Qing Empire,. They're one of its major peoples there. That culture is respected. It's widely used. I think to translate this word e as barbarian is to try and fit a set of ideas from the Roman Empire onto China that just don't quite fit

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