Diabetes Core Update

This issue will review: 1. Placebo-Controlled Trial of the Oral PCSK9 Inhibitor Enlicitide 2. Estimated Optimal Individualized Diabetes Risk Prediction From Preventive Interventions in the U.S. General Population 3. Impact of Metabolic Bariatric Surgery on Weight Loss and Glycemic Control in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes 4. Finerenone in Type 1 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease 5. Effects of Sodium/Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Use on Mortality, Amputation, and Healing in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer Diabetes Core Update is a monthly podcast that presents and discusses the latest clinically relevant articles from the American Diabetes Association's science and medical journals – Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic CARE, and beyond. Each episode is approximately 25 minutes long and presents recently published articles from ADA journals and more. Intended for practicing physicians and health care professionals, Diabetes Core Update discusses how the latest research and information published in journals of the American Diabetes Association are relevant to clinical practice and can be applied in a treatment setting. For more information about each of ADA's science and medical journals, please visit Diabetesjournals.org. Hosts: Neil Skolnik, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health John J. Russell, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Chair-Department of Family Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health

In this special edition on Obesity as a Chronic Disease our host, Dr. Neil Skolnik will discuss the approach to treatment of obesity. This special episode is supported by an independent educational grant from Lilly. Presented by: Neil Skolnik, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health Robert Kushner, M.D, Professor Emeritus of Medicine and Medical Education, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, former Director of the Center for Lifestyle Medicine at Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL. Past-President of The Obesity Society, the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN), the American Board of Physician Nutrition Specialists (ABPNS), and a founder and past-Chair of the American Board of Obesity Medicine (ABOM). Reference: Developed by the Obesity Association's Professional Practice Committee, with input and support from multiple obesity and medical organizations, The Standards of Care in Overweight and Obesity offers a groundbreaking roadmap to empower health care professionals with the tools necessary to deliver the best possible evidence-based, pragmatic care to people with overweight and obesity.

In this special edition on CKD our host, Dr. Neil Skolnik will discuss epidemiology, pathophysiology and screening for CKD in People with Diabetes. This special episode is supported by an independent educational grant from Bayer. Presented by: Neil Skolnik, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health Holly Kramer, M.D., Professor of Public Health Sciences and Medicine in the Division of Nephrology and Hypertension at Loyola University Chicago, past-president of the National Kidney Foundation, Editor-in-Chief of the National Kidney Foundation's journal, Advances in Kidney Disease and Health (AKDH). Selected references: Chronic Kidney Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 . The American Diabetes Association's Standards of Care 2026, Diabetes Care 2026;49 (Supplement_1) :S246–S260

In this special edition on Diabetes and Primary Care our host, Dr. Neil Skolnik will engage in an interesting discussion about the challenges, opportunities, and changing face of primary care in the management of diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Presented by: Neil Skolnik, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health Osagie Ebekozien, M.D.,MPH, CPHQ, Chief Quality Officer for the American Diabetes Association (ADA). In this role, he leads ADA efforts to transform diabetes and obesity quality outcomes and improving access to evidence-based practice. Christopher Jones, M.D., Medical Director, Internal Medicine Intermountain Health, Murray, Utah; Chair of the American Diabetes Association's Primary Care Interest Group Leadership Team.

This issue will review: Real-World Prospective Validation and Economic Evaluation of Deep Learning-Based Diabetic Retinopathy Detection from Fundus Photographs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Care 2026;49:510–525; An oral small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist for the treatment of obesity in people with type 2 diabetes (ATTAIN-2): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet 2025;406:2929-2944; FDA removal of SI for GLP-1s – FDA Announcement Neil Read/John Comment; Effectiveness and Safety of Statins in Type 2 Diabetes According to Baseline Cardiovascular Risk: A Target Trial Emulation Study. Ann Intern Med 2025;172:157-167; and GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Risk of Optic Nerve or Vision-Threatening Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes or Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Care 2026;49:526-535. Diabetes Core Update is a monthly podcast that presents and discusses the latest clinically relevant articles from the American Diabetes Association's science and medical journals – Diabetes, Diabetes Care, and Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic CARE, and beyond. Each episode is approximately 25 minutes long and presents recently published articles from ADA journals and more. Intended for practicing physicians and health care professionals, Diabetes Core Update discusses how the latest research and information published in journals of the American Diabetes Association are relevant to clinical practice and can be applied in a treatment setting. For more information about each of ADA's science and medical journals, please visit Diabetesjournals.org. Hosts: Neil Skolnik, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health John J. Russell, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Chair-Department of Family Medicine, Abington Jefferson Health

In this special edition on Obesity as a Chronic Disease our host, Dr. Neil Skolnik will discuss the root causes of obesity, the hormonal changes and metabolic adaptation that occurs when a person has obesity, and the implications of understanding obesity as a chronic disease for clinical practice. This special episode is supported by an independent educational grant from Lilly. Presented by: Neil Skolnik, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health Donna Ryan, M.D, Professor Emeritus at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Past President of both the Obesity Society and the World Obesity Federation Susan Kuchera, M.D, Associate Clinical Professor of Family and Community Medicine in the Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Program Director of the Jefferson Health Abington Family Medicine Residency Program. Selected references: Changes in Energy Expenditure Resulting from Altered Body Weight. N Engl J Med 1995;332:621-628 Long-Term Persistence of Hormonal Adaptations to Weight Loss. N Engl J Med 2011;365:1597-1604

With the launch of a new journal, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) is also launching a brand new podcast. The Points of CARE, the official podcast of Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic CARE, will highlight key research findings, clinical implications, and emerging themes across diabetes, obesity, and cardiometabolic health through interviews with journal authors and subject-matter experts. In this special inaugural episode, host Richard Beaser, MD also discusses the ADA's Obesity Association and the "Standards of Care in Overweight and Obesity." 4:15 Beaser speaks with Alissa Segal, PharmD, RPh, CDCES, CDTC, FCCP. Dr. Segal is editor in chief of Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic CARE and professor of pharmacy practice at the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. Her editorial, "Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic CARE: Building New From a Strong Foundation," is available for free at doi.org/10.2337/doci25-0010. 13:00 Samar Hafida, MBCCh, joins the conversation. Dr. Hafida is a board-certified endocrinologist and weight management specialist at Boston Medical Center and assistant professor of medicine (Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management) at the Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine. She is also vice president of the ADA's Obesity Association. Her editorial, "Introducing the Obesity Association and the Launch of Our Official Journal," is available for free at doi.org/10.2337/doci25-0012. 17:55 Dr. Hafida discusses "Pharmacologic Treatment of Obesity in Adults: Standards of Care in Overweight and Obesity." This article is available for free at doi.org/10.2337/doci25-0008. 20:05 Richard and Alissa highlight a few articles from the first issue of Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic CARE. Simpkins et al. "Association of Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups With Incident Peripheral Neuropathy" doi.org/10.2337/doc25-0051 Livingston et al. "The Benefits and Costs of Treating Obesity Among Adults in the Medicaid Program" doi.org/10.2337/doci25-0005. Davidson et al. "Effectiveness of Using Patient-Defined Meal Sizes to Determine Bolus Doses of Insulin" doi.org/10.2337/doc25-0018 Ali et al. "Patterns of Prescription Discontinuation, Reinitiation, and Switching of Subcutaneous Semaglutide and Tirzepatide in Adults With Obesity" doi.org/10.2337/doc25-0026 Masiano et al. "Type 2 Diabetes Treatment and Experience With Hospitalization in Older Adults: A Convergent Mixed-Methods Study" doi.org/10.2337/doc25-0009 Young et al. "The Critical Role of Diabetology Pharmacists in Improving Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Care and Outcome" doi.org/10.2337/doc25-0049 To learn more about Diabetes, Obesity, and Cardiometabolic CARE please visit diabetesjournals.org/docm-care. Thank you for listening, and don't forget to subscribe.

In this special series on Metabolic-Dysfunction Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) and Metabolic Dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) our host, Dr. Neil Skolnik will discuss diagnosis and treatment of MASH using a case-based approach with two master clinicians, one a hepatologist and the other a primary care physician. This special episode is supported by an independent educational grant from Boehringer Ingelheim. Presented by: Neil Skolnik, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health Alina M. Allen, M.D. Associate Professor of Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, where she serves as the Director of Hepatology and Director of the MASLD Clinic. Susan Kuchera, M.D. - Program Director of the Jefferson Health Abington Family Medicine Residency Program, Clinical Associate Professor of Family and Community Medicine in the Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Selected references: Metabolic Dysfunction–Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in People With Diabetes: The Need for Screening and Early Intervention. A Consensus Report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2025;48(7):1057–1082

In this special series on Oral GLP-1 Receptor Agonists, Dr. Neil Skolnik will discuss the first of the GLP-1 RAs to receive FDA approval, Semaglutide. This special episode is sponsored with support from Novo Nordisk. Presented by: Neil Skolnik, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health W. Timothy Garvey, MD., Butterworth Professor and University Professor of Medicine in the Department of Nutrition Sciences at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Selected references: Oral semaglutide 50 mg taken once per day in adults with overweight or obesity (OASIS 1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Knop, Filip K et al. The Lancet, Volume 402, Issue 10403, 705 – 719 Oral Semaglutide at a Dose of 25 mg in Adults with Overweight or Obesity. Wharton Sean et al. N Engl J Med 2025;393:1077-1087 Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes. Lincoff, A Michael, et al. N Engl J Med 2023;389:2221-2232

In this special series on Automated Insulin Delivery our host, Dr. Neil Skolnik will discuss the benefits of automated insulin delivery for people with type 2 diabetes with two master clinicians, one a diabetes specialist, the other a primary care doctor. This special episode is supported by an independent educational grant from Insulet. Presented by: Neil Skolnik, M.D., Professor of Family and Community Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University; Associate Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Abington Jefferson Health Davida Kruger, MSN, APN-BC,BC-ADM, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan. Past Chair of the American Diabetes Associations Research Foundation, Past president, Health Care and Education of the American Diabetes Association. Susan Kuchera, M.D. - Program Director of the Jefferson Health Abington Family Medicine Residency Program, Clinical Associate Professor of Family and Community Medicine in the Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University Selected references: Automated Insulin Delivery in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open. 2025;8(2):e2459348. A Randomized Trial of Automated Insulin Delivery in Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2025;392:1801-12 Automated Insulin Pump in Type 2 Diabetes – Editorial - N Engl J Med 2025;392:1862-1863