The Last Theory

Mark Jeffery
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5 snips
Mar 22, 2026 • 7min

Wolfram on philosophy

Stephen Wolfram, scientist behind Wolfram Alpha and the Wolfram Physics Project, blends computer experiments with big philosophical questions. He explains why computation clarifies debates, how philosophy can turn into concrete technology, and how ideas like Kant’s antinomies meet computational tests. Discussion also touches on ethics, AI, and the Ruliad.
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Mar 5, 2026 • 10min

How different observers think differently with Stephen Wolfram

Do different observers think differently? Or does the principle of computational equivalence mean that all observers think the same way?Stephen Wolfram takes this question and runs with it.If we had brains the size of planets, he suggests, the finite speed of light would force us to think of space and time differently, and abandon the fiction of an instantaneous state of space.If we had brains the size of molecules, he says, we’d no longer think of the motion of molecules as random, and we’d find the heat death of the universe a far more interesting prospect.And if we were able to hold multiple paths through the multiway graph in our minds at the same time, we’d have multiple threads of experience... and some complicated conversations!We think the way we think because we are the way we are... if we were much larger-scale, much smaller-scale or if we had multiway minds, then we’d think very differently.And this has some serious consequences, Stephen suggests, in fields as diverse as molecular biology and parallel computing.—Stephen WolframStephen WolframThe Wolfram Physics ProjectWolfram InstituteWolfram Institute Community DiscordCreditsFullerene by YassineMrabet licensed under CC-BY-SA 3.0—The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web MindI release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.
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Feb 5, 2026 • 18min

What is time in Wolfram Physics?

A challenge to the usual assumptions about time and how physics measures change. The idea that space and time could be just a hypergraph and its rule-driven evolution. A pulsar visualization shows how observable rhythms can emerge from simple graph updates. A look at why internal clocks and perceptions remain consistent even if rule application pace changes.
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7 snips
Jan 2, 2026 • 9min

Think like an alien with Stephen Wolfram

Stephen Wolfram, a computational scientist and founder of the Wolfram Physics Project, dives deep into how different observers perceive the universe. He compares human language to the olfactory world of dogs and ponders if we could truly communicate with extraterrestrials. Wolfram critiques science fiction's portrayal of aliens and discusses the implications of thinking like one. He also explores the role of AI and alternative senses in expanding our understanding of reality, all while navigating the mind-bending concept of the ruliad.
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Dec 18, 2025 • 13min

Ruliad + observer = physics ... also aliens

Stephen Wolfram, a renowned physicist and the mind behind the Wolfram Physics Project, delves into the ruliad—the ultimate computation encompassing everything. He discusses how observers shape our understanding of physics from this vast computational landscape. Wolfram also connects the second law of thermodynamics and relativity to the ruliad, drawing fascinating parallels with fluid dynamics. He even speculates on the existence of aliens within this computational framework and questions how common life may be among the myriad possibilities.
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Dec 11, 2025 • 36min

How to simplify the causal graph

Dive into the chaotic world of hypergraphs and causal graphs from Wolfram Physics. Discover a simple edge-flipping rule to simplify complex structures into one-dimension. Mark illustrates how to identify and collapse duplicate events to untangle the spaghetti of the causal graph. Explore the emergence of interconnected diamond patterns and their implications for mass, momentum, and quantum mechanics. This journey takes you from chaos to clarity, revealing essential physics questions encoded in the resulting diamond causal framework.
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Nov 15, 2025 • 1min

Where's Mark?

It’s been a while since my last episode of The Last Theory or Open Web Mind.Where am I?It might look like I’m lazing in the sun, but actually I’ve been working hard.For The Last Theory, I’ve been working on a long episode, more involved than any I’ve ever made, and more important than any I’ve ever made.It’ll unlock mass/energy, momentum, special relativity, general relativity and quantum mechanics.And I’ve been working on Open Web Mind, too, making serious progress towards launch.So I’m sorry for the delay, but it’ll be worth the wait.In the meantime, make sure you’re subscribed to my newsletters at lasttheory.com and openwebmind.com to be the first to know when the train’s leaving the station.—The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web MindI release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.
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16 snips
Aug 29, 2025 • 22min

Black holes in the hypergraph with Stephen Wolfram

Stephen Wolfram, founder of Wolfram Research and creator of Mathematica, dives into the intriguing relationship between electrons and black holes. He proposes that electrons might be tiny black holes in a hypergraph, hiding complex histories of motion. Wolfram challenges conventional views by suggesting we can explore concepts and energy without fully understanding particles. He emphasizes a revolutionary approach to physics, discussing the roles of knowledge transfer between minds and the exciting potential of new frameworks like the Rouliad.
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Aug 8, 2025 • 13min

The causal graph is objective reality

Explore the mind-bending concept of multiway graphs illustrating every possible evolution of the universe. Discover how causal graphs uniquely consolidate these possibilities into a single objective reality. Dive into the dynamic interplay between hypergraphs and causal relationships, revealing how different observers can perceive the same underlying truth. This illuminating journey will leave you questioning the very nature of reality!
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35 snips
Jul 12, 2025 • 18min

Stephen Wolfram on AI, human-like minds & formal knowledge

Stephen Wolfram, Founder and CEO of Wolfram Research, dives deep into the intersection of AI and human cognition. He contrasts human-like minds, like our brains and Large Language Models, with the precision of formal knowledge. Wolfram reveals how AI might bridge gaps to this formal knowledge, though much remains inaccessible. He elaborates on the vast computational possibilities of neural networks and how they differ from human understanding. Tying it all to physics, Wolfram emphasizes that our grasp of concepts only scratches the surface of the universe's complexity.

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