The Giants Shoulder

In this engaging conversation, Adam Safron, a cognitive neuroscientist and former research fellow at Johns Hopkins, dives into the intricate connections between consciousness, psychedelics, and the Free Energy Principle. He explains how psychedelics can alter our high-level assumptions, offering insights into personal transformation. Adam discusses the role of brain rhythms in unity of experience and shares fascinating DMT encounters that challenge beliefs. Expect to explore the effects of psychedelics on synaptogenesis, compassion in therapy, and the nature of ultimate reality!

Philip Ball is one of the world’s most brilliant science writers and the author of over 30 books, including How Life Works, The Book of Minds, and Beyond Weird — a radical rethinking of quantum mechanics that has become a modern classic.A former editor at Nature, Philip has spent decades translating the frontiers of biology, physics, and consciousness into ideas that challenge our deepest intuitions about life, mind, and reality.Expect to learn how quantum mechanics might shape the behavior of living systems, why genes are not blueprints and biology isn’t a machine, how brain organoids are raising ethical and philosophical dilemmas, what quantum biology really means, why the brain isn’t just a prediction engine, how science misunderstands minds (including alien and artificial ones), what makes consciousness so slippery, and how the stories we tell about science shape what we believe is real — and what we believe is possible.Timestamps:03:40 The Prolific Writer: Philip Ball's Journey 06:29 The Art of Science Communication 09:36 The Process of Writing: From Research to Publication 12:33 Exploring Quantum Mechanics: A New Perspective 15:49 Understanding Quantum Features: Superposition and Entanglement 18:31 Quantum Computing: The Role of Observation 21:46 The Nature of Information in Quantum Mechanics 40:38 The Nature of Information in Quantum Particles 42:40 Exploring Quantum Biology 49:36 Quantum Effects in Consciousness 56:18 Defining Minds and Consciousness 01:01:46 Agency and Cognition in Living Beings 01:14:59 Evolution of Cognition and Mindedness 01:17:33 Understanding Agency Across Species 01:20:40 The Concept of Umwelt and Perception 01:25:11 The Future of Biotech and Consciousness 01:31:43 Ethics of Brain Organoids and Consciousness 01:42:23 The Controversy of Genetic Manipulation 01:44:59 The Complexity of Genetic Screening 01:51:59 Navigating Genetic Research and Regulation 02:07:49 The Future of Biology and Genetic Understanding ...📚 RECOMMENDED READINGHow Life Works: A User’s Guide to the New Biology: https://amzn.to/4lPLyaGBeyond Weird: Why Everything You Thought You Knew about Quantum Physics Is Different: https://amzn.to/4lOS3uAThe Book of Minds: How to Understand Ourselves and Other Beings, from Animals to AI to Aliens: https://amzn.to/4oVTMAZ…Neuroscience Products I Swear By (Supports the Channel)Sentia Spirits: https://sentiaspirits.com/mcgloughlin4209355084Manta Sleep Mask: Get the Comfiest Sleep Mask on the Planet (Use Code GIANTSMANTA10 https://bit.ly/4ilzfBL )Brain.FM: Music Entrainment for Focused Deep Work (30 Day Free Trial: https://www.brain.fm/giantsshoulder)Consensus.AI: https://get.consensus.app/we00d2cmjpqeFollow My Neuroscience Podcast - The Giants Shoulder Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5m3Gta5MtIYdk59pb2GJ7M?si=b33232eae67b4126Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/brief-enquiry-to-the-brain/id1752486249

Jon Perry is a science animator and educator, creator of Stated Clearly — the YouTube channel that turns messy biology into crisp, visual explanations, with more than fifty million views and a devoted audience of curious skeptics.StatedClearly Youtube Channel: https://www.youtube.com/@StatedClearlyJon’s mission is simple and radical: fix our definitions. When we call cells “intelligent,” or label xenobots “robots,” we smuggle minds into places they don’t belong. From a slime-mold maze rebuilt with LEGO and gravity to de-extinction hype and NASA’s search for life, Jon shows how precise language changes the experiments we run, the technologies we build, and the stories we tell about nature.Jon's original slime mold video: https://youtu.be/2Thytf95wGU?si=_K1YDwL8TbrF4YQ8Expect to learn why slime-mold “maze solving” might not be evidence of cognition, how simple physics can mimic problem-solving, the crucial difference between adaptation, learning, and intelligence, why some definitions would make tap water look smart, how to test for learning without minds, what xenobots really are (and aren’t), why “de-extinction” is mostly marketing, how NASA’s definition of life misled search strategies, how operational definitions steer funding and ethics, and how getting the words right can reboot entire fields of biology....Timestamps: 00:00 Introduction02:30 Michael Levin Slime Mold Debate05:20 Intelligence vs. Instinct08:20 The Role of Language in Science11:12 Rethinking Intelligence as a Spectrum14:05 Xenobots and Anthrobots: A New Frontier17:25 Defining Life: The Challenge of Boundaries20:10 Observational Science vs. Hypothesis Testing39:59 Exploring Bioelectricity and Cell Behavior43:49 The Impact of Michael Levin's Research48:34 Understanding Gene Expression in Cells55:51 The Emergence of Adaptive Behaviors in Cells01:03:17 Ethical Considerations in Synthetic Life01:03:48 The Controversy of De-Extinction and Colossal Biosciences01:10:16 The Science of De-Extinction01:13:03 Genetic Editing and Its Implications01:18:58 The Marketing of De-Extinction01:24:55 The Reality of Recreating Extinct Species01:30:39 Future of Genetic Research and Funding01:35:48 Funding Science: Challenges and Opportunities01:45:27 The Future of Gene Editing and Ethical Considerations...Neuroscience Products I Swear By (Supports the Channel)Sentia Spirits:https://sentiaspirits.com/mcgloughlin4209355084Manta Sleep Mask: Get the Comfiest Sleep Mask on the Planet (Use Code GIANTSMANTA10 https://bit.ly/4ilzfBL )Brain.FM: Music Entrainment for Focused Deep Work (30 Day Free Trial: https://www.brain.fm/giantsshoulder)Consensus.AI: https://get.consensus.app/we00d2cmjpqeFollow My Neuroscience Podcast - The Giants Shoulder Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5m3Gta5MtIYdk59pb2GJ7M?si=b33232eae67b4126Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/brief-enquiry-to-the-brain/id1752486249

In this enlightening discussion, David Papineau, a philosopher of mind from King’s College London, challenges traditional notions of consciousness. He argues that consciousness is not a mystical entity but a product of brain processes. Papineau critiques the hard problem of consciousness as a conceptual trap and discusses its implications for ethics and AI. He explores the consciousness of various life forms and whether AI could ever truly care. Expect a provocative debate that reshapes our understanding of what it means to be conscious.

Get 10% off your Genetics Test and screen for over 2000+ conditions (Use Code EVAN10): https://nucleusgenomics.sjv.io/LKE9EaDr. Robert Plomin is one of the world’s leading behavioural geneticists and the author of Blueprint, a game-changing book that argues your DNA isn’t just important — it’s the blueprint of who you are.Plomin’s groundbreaking twin studies revealed that nearly every psychological trait — from intelligence and personality to mental illness and addiction — is significantly heritable. Now, he’s at the forefront of a new revolution: polygenic scores that can predict your future from birth… or even before.Expect to learn how polygenic scores are reshaping psychology and medicine, what your genome can reveal about your intelligence, mental health, and personality, why traditional ideas about nurture are collapsing, the shocking truth about educational inequality, how gene editing and embryo selection are becoming real-world tools, what role companies like Orchid play in designing future generations, why Elon Musk might be building babies in Gattaca labs, and whether free will can survive in a world where your genes know you better than you know yourself....Timestamps: 00:00 Intro3:00 Introduction to Nucleus Genomics and Genetic Testing9:06 In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Screening14:52 The Role of Polygenic Scores in Decision Making20:47 Screening for Monogenic Disorders26:49 The Transition from SNP Chips to Whole Genome Sequencing33:37 The Evolution of Genetic Testing39:50 Navigating Parental Choices in IVF45:55 Probabilistic Nature of Genetic Traits53:54 The Future of Genetic Predictions1:02:17 Capitalism and Ethical Dilemmas in Gene Editing1:07:25 Gene Editing: Possibilities and Concerns1:14:05 CRISPR Babies and Ethical Boundaries1:22:26 Recreational Drugs and Genetic Insights1:30:49 Neurodivergence and Genetic Selection1:36:16 Exploring the Low End of Polygenic Scores1:41:39 AI's Role in Genetics1:48:30 Understanding Genetic Risks and Carrier Genes1:54:32 The Intersection of Genetics and Athleticism2:04:59 Genetic Diversity and Predictive Power2:14:50 Understanding Non-Shared Environment2:22:37 The Impact of Randomness in Life2:34:40 Concluding Thoughts on Genetics and Environment...Neuroscience Products I Swear By (Supports the Channel)Sentia Spirits: https://sentiaspirits.com/mcgloughlin4209355084Manta Sleep Mask: Get the Comfiest Sleep Mask on the Planet (Use Code GIANTSMANTA10 https://bit.ly/4ilzfBL )Brain.FM: Music Entrainment for Focused Deep Work (30 Day Free Trial: https://www.brain.fm/giantsshoulder)Consensus.AI: https://get.consensus.app/we00d2cmjpqeFollow My Neuroscience Podcast - The Giants Shoulder Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5m3Gta5MtIYdk59pb2GJ7M?si=b33232eae67b4126Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/brief-enquiry-to-the-brain/id1752486249

Dr. Ryota Kanai is a neuroscientist, AI entrepreneur, and CEO of Araya—lead investigator in Japan’s Moonshot to free humans from the limits of body and brain by 2050. He’s a pioneer of non-invasive brain–machine interfaces, the Internet of Brains, and architectures aimed at conscious AI, and he’s the author of Will AI Become Conscious?.Consciousness, he argues, isn’t magic—it’s the brain’s internal simulation engine. Kanai is turning that insight into technology: thought-controlled cybernetic avatars, emotion-aware robots that sense and respond to our feelings, and mind-to-mind links that could transform how we communicate, learn, and work.Expect to learn why the brain is a prediction machine and what that means for building conscious AI, how non-invasive BMIs already decode intent and where the big breakthroughs must come from, what the Internet of Brains actually enables beyond faster chat, whether “skill upload” is science or sci-fi, why cybernetic avatars might change jobs before they change bodies, how emotion robots read human states (and how not to be fooled by them), the simplest way to grasp the global workspace and free-energy ideas, how to test for machine consciousness without a Turing Test, what neurorights and “neural firewalls” should protect, the cultural differences shaping neurotech in Japan vs. the West, the milestones to 2030/2050, and much more…Timestamps: 00:00 Intro03:05 The Moonshot Goal: Liberating Humanity06:00 Understanding Brain-Machine Interfaces09:00 The Future of Thought Decoding12:01 Envisioning 2050: A Technological Landscape14:55 Connecting Brains to AI: Implications and Possibilities17:52 The Ethics of Neural Technology20:38 Adoption and Acceptance of Neural Implants23:46 Medical Applications vs. Augmentation26:46 The Future of Memory Augmentation29:54 Exploring Personality Modification32:45 Long-term Safety and Efficacy of Neural Implants35:38 General Purpose Neural Implants38:28 The Quest for Consciousness in Neural Technology47:47 Decoding Multimodal Information49:36 The Concept of the Internet of Brains51:50 Exploring Brain-to-Brain Communication54:18 Philosophical Implications of Consciousness55:21 Navigating Intrusive Thoughts in Communication56:42 Consumer Applications of Brain-Computer Interfaces58:30 Entertainment and Gaming in Brain-Computer Interfaces01:02:22 Potential of Non-Invasive EEG Devices01:04:18 Conscious AI: The Future of Machine Awareness01:10:05 Integrating Consciousness Research into AI01:18:09 Mathematical Definitions of Consciousness01:22:07 The Geometry of Experience and Consciousness01:27:51 Exciting Future Technologies in Brain-Computer Interfaces...Neuroscience Products I Swear By (Supports the Channel)Sentia Spirits: https://sentiaspirits.com/mcgloughlin4209355084Manta Sleep Mask: Get the Comfiest Sleep Mask on the Planet (Use Code GIANTSMANTA10 https://bit.ly/4ilzfBL )Brain.FM: Music Entrainment for Focused Deep Work (30 Day Free Trial: https://www.brain.fm/giantsshoulder)Consensus.AI: https://get.consensus.app/we00d2cmjpqeFollow My Neuroscience Podcast - The Giants Shoulder Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5m3Gta5MtIYdk59pb2GJ7M?si=b33232eae67b4126Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/brief-enquiry-to-the-brain/id1752486249

Professor Adam Zeman is a Neurologist at the University of Exeter and the scientist who coined the term aphantasia — the “blind mind’s eye” — after a patient suddenly lost the ability to visualize following heart surgery.Since then, he has led the global investigation into why some minds picture nothing while others see in IMAX 8K, uncovering what this hidden spectrum of imagination reveals about memory, dreams, emotion, creativity, and even consciousness itself. He is also the author of Consciousness: A User’s Guide, A Portrait of the Brain, and The Shape of Things Unseen.Expect to learn why up to 5% of people can’t form mental images, how hyperphantasia floods the mind with cinema-like detail, why imagination is our brain’s “default mode,” how differences in the mind’s eye shape autobiographical memory and emotional vividness, why aphantasics still dream in pictures, what hallucinations and delusions reveal about the creative brain, how imagination connects to empathy and storytelling, the cultural impact of naming aphantasia, and much more…Timestamps: 00:00 Intro02:25 The Birth of Aphantasia05:32 The Journey to Recognition10:08 Understanding Aphantasia's Prevalence12:44 The Implications of Labeling14:33 The Complexity of Imagery18:10 Variability in Inner Experience22:31 Acquired vs. Congenital Aphantasia29:54 Neural Mechanisms of Aphantasia30:44 Spectrum of Aphantasia33:02 Exploring the Genetic Basis of Aphantasia37:31 Developmental Insights into Aphantasia42:13 The Complexity of Mental Imagery49:10 The Co-evolution of Perception and Imagery52:16 Potential Benefits of Aphantasia57:29 The Trainability of Visualization Skills01:02:48 The Nature of Memory and Imagination01:06:07 Aphantasia and Autobiographical Memory01:08:48 Emotional Memory and Aphantasia01:12:42 Aphantasia in Therapy and Education01:18:05 Aphantasia and Consciousness01:23:39 Future Directions in Aphantasia Research...📚 RECOMMENDED READINGThe Shape of Things Unseen: A New Science of Imagination …Neuroscience Products I Swear By (Supports the Channel)Sentia Spirits: https://sentiaspirits.com/mcgloughlin4209355084Manta Sleep Mask: Get the Comfiest Sleep Mask on the Planet (Use Code GIANTSMANTA10 https://bit.ly/4ilzfBL )Brain.FM: Music Entrainment for Focused Deep Work (30 Day Free Trial: https://www.brain.fm/giantsshoulder)Consensus.AI: https://get.consensus.app/we00d2cmjpqeFollow My Neuroscience Podcast - The Giants Shoulder Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5m3Gta5MtIYdk59pb2GJ7M?si=b33232eae67b4126Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/brief-enquiry-to-the-brain/id1752486249

Alex Hutchinson is a physicist, elite endurance athlete, and author of Endure — one of the most widely respected books on the science of human performance ever written.Fatigue isn’t a failure of the body — it’s a protective illusion cast by the brain. And Alex has spent the last decade exposing the hidden limits that shape our endurance, our suffering, and our potential.Expect to learn why the brain — not the muscles — is the true governor of performance, how pain, thirst, heat, and oxygen deprivation are all perceptions, how world-record freedivers trick their brains into ignoring suffocation, why some athletes can lift cars in moments of hysterical strength, how the brain decides when you’re “done,” how brain zapping may change the future of sport, why elite performers can override mental fatigue, what separates champions from mortals, and why exploration might be the final expression of the endurance instinct.Timestamps: 00:00 Intro02:25 The Fascination with Endurance Feats 05:15 Faith Kipyegon's Four-Minute Mile Attempt 08:21 The Role of Pacers and Aerodynamics 11:19 Nike's Innovations in Performance 14:26 Mental Strategies in Endurance Racing 17:09 Personal Stories of Overcoming Limits 30:00 The Unheard of Improvement in Running 31:26 The Role of Perception in Performance 33:12 Breaking Mental Barriers in Running 35:30 The Pressure of Expectations in Competition 38:32 The Champion Mentality: Rising to the Occasion 40:13 The Inner Game of Tennis and Performance Psychology 44:11 The Mystique of Race Day Energy 52:58 Understanding the Central Governor Theory 56:35 The Controversy of Fatigue Perception 01:03:31 Reframing Feelings for Better Performance 01:05:00 Understanding Fatigue Through Predictive Frameworks 01:10:26 The Role of Wearables in Running Performance 01:18:29 Diane Van Deren: Running Without Time Constraints 01:26:10 The Impact of Inner Monologue on Endurance Performance 01:34:01 Exploring the Spectrum of Visualization 01:36:41 Understanding the Central Governor Theory 01:41:18 The Concept of Brain Training in Endurance 01:51:26 Ethics and the Future of Enhanced Sports ...📚 RECOMMENDED READINGEndure: Mind Body & Curiously Elastic: https://amzn.to/47dMLFeThe Explorer's Gene: Why We Seek Big Challenges, New Flavors, and the Blank Spots on the Map: https://amzn.to/4mMHaur…Neuroscience Products I Swear By (Supports the Channel)Sentia Spirits: https://sentiaspirits.com/mcgloughlin4209355084Manta Sleep Mask: Get the Comfiest Sleep Mask on the Planet (Use Code GIANTSMANTA10 https://bit.ly/4ilzfBL )Brain.FM: Music Entrainment for Focused Deep Work (30 Day Free Trial: https://www.brain.fm/giantsshoulder)Consensus.AI: https://get.consensus.app/we00d2cmjpqeFollow My Neuroscience Podcast - The Giants Shoulder Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5m3Gta5MtIYdk59pb2GJ7M?si=b33232eae67b4126Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/brief-enquiry-to-the-brain/id1752486249

Thomas Metzinger is a professor of theoretical philosophy, consciousness researcher, and author of The Ego Tunnel, Being No One and The Elephant and the Blind — some of the most radical books on the nature of the self and reality ever written.Download a FREE copy of The Elephant And The Blind HERE: https://thomasmetzinger.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/Metzinger_MIT_Press_2024-1.pdfHe’s spent decades exploring the hardest questions in neuroscience and philosophy: What is consciousness? Is the self an illusion? Could AI ever suffer? And what happens when our models of reality — including ourselves — break down?Expect to learn why your “self” is just a transparent model your brain mistakes for reality, how out-of-body experiences (and virtual reality) reveal the fragility of personal identity, why conscious AI might be the greatest ethical threat of the next century, how meditation and psychedelics dissolve the illusion of “I”, why freedom of mind is under attack from attention-hacking technology, what it means to have a contentless conscious experience, why Metzinger believes we should ban synthetic consciousness — and what happens when you try to visit your girlfriend 85 kilometers away… without your body.Timestamps:00:02:50 Transformative Experiences and Their Impact00:05:38 Exploring Out-of-Body Experiences00:08:57 The Nature of the Self00:11:43 Phenomenology of Consciousness00:14:38 The Role of Mental Imagery00:17:35 Ketamine and Consciousness00:20:30 Therapeutic Aspects of Out-of-Body Experiences00:23:24 Understanding the Self and Consciousness00:26:38 The Complexity of Selfhood00:29:27 Phenomenal Representations and Their Transparency00:32:21 Cognitive Agency and Mathematical Operations00:45:46 Mathematics and Psychoactive Substances00:49:15 Exploring Inner Experience and Phenomenology00:52:05 Suffering and Experience Sampling00:58:25 The Eternal Playlist Thought Experiment01:03:21 Reflections on Past Generations and Happiness01:10:32 The Impact of Social Media on Connection01:17:56 AI Companionship and Future Relationships01:18:48 Cognitive Offloading and AI's Impact on Development01:20:10 Teaching AI Philosophy: A Historical Perspective01:21:34 The Influence of Industry on AI Regulation01:22:57 The Attention Economy and Emerging Intimacy01:23:28 Philosophical Discoveries Through AI Interactions01:25:18 Social Hallucinations and AI's Role in Perception01:28:55 Virtual Reality and the Blurring of Reality01:31:08 The Future of Social Media and AI Avatars01:33:34 Global Regulation Challenges in AI Development01:35:55 The Risks of AI and Human Manipulation01:39:15 The Uncertain Future of Humanity and AI01:41:15 Finding Meaning in a Declining World...📚 RECOMMENDED READINGThe Ego Tunnel: The Science of the Mind and the Myth of the Self: https://amzn.to/3UEcS0ABeing No One: The Self-Model Theory of Subjectivity: https://amzn.to/41i7X9k…Neuroscience Products I Swear By (Supports the Channel)Sentia Spirits: https://sentiaspirits.com/mcgloughlin4209355084Manta Sleep Mask: Get the Comfiest Sleep Mask on the Planet (Use Code GIANTSMANTA10 https://bit.ly/4ilzfBL )Brain.FM: Music Entrainment for Focused Deep Work (30 Day Free Trial: https://www.brain.fm/giantsshoulder)Consensus.AI: https://get.consensus.app/we00d2cmjpqeFollow My Neuroscience Podcast - The Giants Shoulder Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5m3Gta5MtIYdk59pb2GJ7M?si=b33232eae67b4126Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/brief-enquiry-to-the-brain/id1752486249

Steven Kotler is a peak performance expert, flow state researcher, and New York Times bestselling author of The Rise of Superman, Stealing Fire, and The Art of Impossible — books that have transformed how we understand human potential.Flow isn’t just a feeling — it’s a measurable, trainable state of consciousness that radically enhances performance, learning, and even our sense of self. In fact, it may be one of the most addictive — and transformative — states the brain can enter.Expect to learn what flow actually is at a neurobiological level, how it boosts learning by up to 500%, why the U.S. Department of Defense is studying it, how it warps our perception of time and self, why flow could help unlock the mystery of consciousness itself, how to use clear goals and challenge-skills balance to trigger flow, why this state is addictive in all the right ways, how Kotler writes books in flow, why the future may be built on cooperative group flow, how to measure and train flow in your own life — and much more…Timestamps:03:10 Defining Flow: A Complex Concept06:05 The Characteristics of Flow09:10 Flow and Its Addictive Nature11:58 Neurodynamics of Flow and Consciousness15:10 Complexity Science and Flow17:46 The Free Energy Principle and Flow21:06 Flow vs. Trauma: Decision Making in Critical Moments27:28 The Dynamics of Flow in Action Sports30:15 Understanding Flow as a Spectrum34:30 Neurobiology of Flow States40:34 Operationalizing Flow in Research50:03 Flow Triggers and Their Impact57:41 The Flow State Experience58:35 Creativity and Productivity in Flow01:00:24 The Energy Dynamics of Flow01:02:41 The Flow Cycle and Recovery01:04:39 Optimizing Flow for Cognitive Work01:05:56 Physical Activity and Flow01:08:48 Evolutionary Perspectives on Flow01:11:27 Flow and Pain: The Endorphin Connection01:15:13 Future Research Directions in Flow01:22:41 Technology, Flow, and Group Cooperation...📚 RECOMMENDED READINGThe Art of Impossible: A Peak Performance Primer: https://amzn.to/4g2wXYtThe Rise of Superman: Decoding the Science of Ultimate Human Performance: https://amzn.to/418UrVtStealing Fire: How Silicon Valley, the Navy SEALs, and Maverick Scientists Are Revolutionizing the Way We Live and Work: https://amzn.to/47Cf00q…Neuroscience Products I Swear By (Supports the Channel)Sentia Spirits: https://sentiaspirits.com/mcgloughlin4209355084Manta Sleep Mask: Get the Comfiest Sleep Mask on the Planet (Use Code GIANTSMANTA10 https://bit.ly/4ilzfBL )Brain.FM: Music Entrainment for Focused Deep Work (30 Day Free Trial: https://www.brain.fm/giantsshoulder)Consensus.AI: https://get.consensus.app/we00d2cmjpqeFollow My Neuroscience Podcast - The Giants Shoulder Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/5m3Gta5MtIYdk59pb2GJ7M?si=b33232eae67b4126Apple Podcasts - https://podcasts.apple.com/ie/podcast/brief-enquiry-to-the-brain/id1752486249