Distillations | Science History Institute

Rise and Shine! Today we look at some of the most essential elements of a satisfying breakfast. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:31 Introduction 01:21 Chemical Agent: Pectin 03:34 Chemistry in Your Cupboard: Butter vs. Oil 06:37 Feature: Making Sourdough Bread 11:00 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Rebecca Sheir and Audra Wolfe for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.

Distillations takes a look at the history and chemistry of dentistry. We find out how baking soda cleans your teeth and lidocaine numbs your gums. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:31 Introduction 01:15 Chemical Agent: Sodium Bicarbonate 03:15 Chemistry in Your Cupboard: DIY Dental Care 06:00 Feature: Lidocaine to Numb the Pain 10:32 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Ari Daniel Shapiro, Anke Timmermann, and Audra Wolfe for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.

Laboratory science can be a risky business. While some of these substances’ dangers are easily mitigated by following proper safety procedures, others have risks that increase with extended exposure—a lesson unfortunately learned by many chemists in previous centuries, which we explore on today’s show. Chemical Agent: Lead. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:31 Introduction 01:02 Chemical Agent: Lead 03:31 Tools of the Trade: Safety Goggles 06:23 Feature: High School Chemistry Demonstrations 10:45 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Robin Sussingham, Anke Timmerman , and Hilary Domush for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.

This year is the 50th anniversary of the integrated circuit! The IC is an important part of many electronic technologies we use today, from your iPod to your GPS. Chemical Agent: Chemically Amplified Photoresists. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:31 Introduction 01:15 Chemical Agent: Chemically Amplified Photoresists 03:43 Mystery Solved! Crystal Puller 06:27 A conversation with Hyungsub Choi 10:46 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Chi Chan, Eleanor Goldberg, and Audra Wolfe for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.

After several long, cold months baseball season has finally begun! From Philadelphia, the home of 2008 World Series Champions, we bring you a show straight from the ballpark. Chemical Agent: Anabolic steroids. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:32 Introduction 01:02 Chemical Agent: Anabolic Steroids 03:24 Chemistry in Your Cupboard: Hot Dogs 06:04 Feature: Is That Nanotechnology in Your Bat? 10:40 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Ari Daniel Shapiro and Jennifer Dionisio for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.

It is officially spring — time to open the windows, let the fresh air in, and sweep those winter blues away! Learn about acetic acid and its cleaning power. Then find out how hard water can make cleaning more difficult, and what you can do about it. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:32 Introduction 00:59 Chemical Agent: Acetic Acid 03:05 Mystery Solved! Hard Water 06:05 Feature: Green Dry Cleaning 11:12 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Rene Gutel and Eleanor Goldberg for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.

Nearly 60% of American households have at least one pet, and nearly two-thirds of pet owners had more than one. That’s a lot of dogs, cats, turtles, birds, hamsters and iguanas. On today’s episode we turn our scientific lens to the relationship between humans and their furry friends. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:31 Introduction 00:51 Chemical Agent: Histamines 03:04 Mystery Solved! Cancer-sniffing Dogs 05:45 Feature: Pet-friendly Extermination Methods 10:11 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Jori Lewis and Jennifer Dionisio for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.

Plants are not the silent, stationary creatures we imagine them to be. They drift, stretch, and dance in search of nutrients, water, and sunlight. Inspired by sLowlife, a dynamic multimedia exhibit now on display in the Clifford C. Hach Gallery at the Chemical Heritage Foundation, today’s show looks at the chemistry behind plant growth and movement. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:31 Introduction 01:00 Chemical Agent: Photosynthesis 03:02 A conversation with Amy Stewart 08:19 Mystery Solved! Tropisms 11:10 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Audra Wolfe for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.

Fossil fuel has gotten us into all sorts of trouble lately. Gas production and consumption has caused international conflict, wrecked havoc on our planet, and lightened our wallets at the gas pump. Why not turn to plants? They get their energy from the sun; and with a little smart science, they can pass on their clean green energy to our cars. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:32 Introduction 01:24 Chemical Agent: Cellulose 04:01 Chemistry in Your Cupboard: Biodiesel 06:52 Feature: Algae as Fuel 11:00 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Catherine Girardeau for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.

It’s Valentine’s Day this weekend, and love is in the air. Let’s learn how atoms find each other with an examination of chemical bonds. Chemical Agent: Free Radicals. SHOW CLOCK 00:00 Opening Credits 00:32 Introduction 01:05 Chemical Agent: Free Radicals 02:56 A conversation with Alan Rocke 08:19 Mystery Solved: The Ozone Hole 11:19 Closing Credits CREDITS Special thanks to Hilary Domush and Eleanor Goldberg for researching this show. Additional credits available at chemheritage.org/distillations.