What's That Rash?

As the data from initial studies into how Omicron evades our immunity continue to flow in, it's becoming more and more likely that a third dose - or booster - is going to be essential.Several more studies have been released, all showing large falls in immunity to the Omicron variant.One thing that the studies imply though is that there are much higher antibody levels in people who have either been infected, or received a third dose.So how much will third doses be needed to combat Omicron?Also on today's show: Quick Fire Friday! (booster edition)

One of the first studies into Omicron and immunity has reported back and it's not super great news: there's significant evasion of antibodies produced by the Pfizer vaccine.But not all is lost. The study says that the Omicron variant uses the same way of getting into our cells, meaning our existing tools and techniques should be relatively easy to change so they work better. The study is not yet published, and is a very small sample size so it's worth keeping in mind that this is still a very new area of science and is subject to change.Nonetheless, as today's Coronacast explains, it does give us a glimpse of what is likely to come.Also on today's show:* Could a mozzie vaccinate someone by biting a vaxed person and then an unvaxed person?* Your booster experiences

Beyond the nasty and sometimes life-threatening symptoms that COVID can bring, there's another risk: long COVID. It's the collection of prolonged symptoms including brain fog, smell loss and fatigue.And while we know that being vaccinated drastically reduces your risk of a bad bout of COVID itself, a lingering question has been whether it also protects you from long COVID. Well, according to a yet to be peer reviewed study, the answer is yes it does. Also on today's show:* Is there any research work being done to modify the virus to develop a relatively benign but transmissible COVID variant which could be released to "crowd out" the current dangerous variants? * Is there a chance that Omicron is different enough that instead of replacing Delta, you get both if not together then one after another?* And we're after your stories about getting third-doses. Was it easy? Or hard?

Over the next several months, the fight between Delta and Omicron is going to be scientifically fascinating.In the red corner is the current world champion Delta, which easily beat out every other variant of concern to date.In the blue corner is the challenger Omicron, whose continued existence probably relies on its ability to beat out the champion.But how will we know who's winning and when will we get a better sense of it all?Also on today's show:* What makes a virus go viral?* Who decides which variants you make vaccines for?* What happens if Omicron turns up in a place with no Delta (like Queensland or Tasmania, for example)?

It's been a bit more than a week since we learned of Omicron, the newest coronavirus variant of concern.And while we're still a while from knowing solid answers, the world's scientists have done an amazing job over the last 7 days unraveling parts of Omicron's mysteries.The three big questions are will our vaccines continue to work? For people who do get the virus, will it be severe and will it beat Delta to become the coronavirus champion of the world?So on today's Coronacast, what we know from the latest science about answering those big questions.Also on today's show* Does it escape previous immunity and/or our vaccines?* Is it better at spreading than Delta?* Does it matter? Does it make you sicker than previous variants?* Where's Dr Norman Swan's Omicronometer of Panic heading?

Just like we're likely going to be stuck with COVID for the rest of our lives, we're probably also going to be stuck wondering which is the most effective vaccine to protect against it.Well lucky we've got science to help sort it out, with a new study putting the Moderna and Pfizer vaccines head-to-head across hundreds of thousands of people.And other scientists have been busy working out how much protection you have against reinfection, if you are infected in the first place.Also on today's show:* Quick Fire Friday* Tegan interrupts Quick Fire Friday with her own - excellent - Quick Fire Question.

As the days tick by since Omicron was discovered, it's slowly spreading around the world.One example is reports of a couple of Israeli doctors who likely picked up Omicron in the United Kingdom, before flying back home.Their symptoms are said to be mild at the moment, but more worryingly, both of the doctors were fully vaccinated with Pfizer - that's all three doses.So what do we know about how Omicron works with our current vaccines? Also on today's show:* If we have been vaccinated to recognise the spike protein, why are variants so concerning? Is it the spike that changes?

Nearly two years into the global coronavirus pandemic, it's probably safe to say that we're all pretty much ready for it to be done.So no wonder we're hoping that very early reports from South Africa are possibly, just maybe, indicating that the Omicron variant is "milder" than variants before.But how much evidence is there for that yet? Is it true, or just wishful thinking?Also on today's show:* Is it possible that the emergence of this variant is actually an encouraging development for the COVID pandemic?* No big changes yet for Australia's international borders* The Omicron variant mutation that might end up helping us (a bit)* In previous episodes you have mentioned that variants can "out compete" other variants. What exactly does this mean and what is the mechanism behind it?* An update to the Dr Norman Swan Omicronometer of Panic

As the world desperately awaits news from scientists on anything Omicron, some experts have started thinking about where the variant might have come from.One theory is that it's from someone severely immunocompromised, where the virus has had millions of opportunities to evolve against a poor immune response.But it's far from the only theory.So on today's Coronacast, a few other possibilities of where - and when - Omicron might have popped into existence.Also on today's show:* The evolutionary lineage of Omicron* How should Australia be preparing?* The Dr Norman Swan Omicronometer of Panic is born

It's the news we didn't want: There's a new variant of concern in town and it's got all sorts of mutations just where you don't want them.It's also got a new fancy name: Omicron, and it's reportedly outpacing Delta in countries in southern Africa.But is it really? Is it more infectious? Is it more virulent? Is it vaccine resistant, and if so by how much? How much do we really know at the moment? Should I panic?Also on today's show:* What if the Omicron variant is the sort epidemiologists expected to see earlier in the pandemic: highly transmissible and less virulent?