The MapScaping Podcast - GIS, Geospatial, Remote Sensing, earth observation and digital geography

Bill Greer, co-founder of Common Space and remote sensing advocate, builds high-resolution satellites for humanitarian use. He discusses barriers to imagery access, the 50–70 cm resolution target, daily revisit and latency trade-offs, community-driven governance, and a club-good funding model to keep data open for relief groups while charging others.

I've been playing around with a lot of large language models lately, and it is absolutely fascinating to watch them work. But what happens when you bring that directly into QGIS? Right now, AI in the geospatial industry is a lot like a fast, enthusiastic new intern, incredibly helpful, and sometimes completely wrong, but improving at a rate that no human can compete with.  As we hand more of our geoprocessing tasks over to these algorithms, and computing becomes more pervasive, are our own GIS skills becoming obsolete? Or are we just unlocking radically different opportunities to rethink our careers?

Geospatial Product Swiss Army Knife 1. The "Build It and They Won't Come" Trap We have all seen it: a talented geospatial professional spends months—perhaps years—perfecting a technically sophisticated web map or a niche data service, only to release it to a deafening silence. In our industry, the "build it and they will come" philosophy is a fast track to zero traction. Precision is the enemy of progress when it is applied to the wrong problem. Daniel and Stella Blake Kelly explored a remedy for this pattern. Stella—a New Zealand-born, Sydney-based strategist and founder of the consultancy Cartisan—didn’t start with a master plan. She "fell into" the industry after being inspired by a lecturer with bright blue hair and a passion for GIS that rivaled a Lego builder’s creativity. Today, she helps organizations move from "making things" to "building products that matter" using a framework she calls the Product Swiss Army Knife. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. The 7-Step Framework: More Than Just a Map Many geospatial experts suffer from a technology-first bias, prioritizing data accuracy over strategic utility. To counter this, Stella advocates for a disciplined, seven-tool toolkit designed to bridge the gap between GIS and Product Design: Vision: Establish a clear statement of what you are building and why it needs to exist. User Needs: Move beyond assumptions to identify real users and their specific friction points. Market & Context: Analyze the existing ecosystem (competitors, data, and workflows) to find your gap. Features: Ruthlessly prioritize "must-haves" to define a lean Minimum Viable Product (MVP). Prototypes & User Flows: Map out the user’s journey through the service before writing a line of code. Proof of Concept: Create a tangible, working version to prove the technical and market logic. Launch & Learn: Release early to gather real-world data and iterate based on evidence. This structure forces builders to treat the "spatial" element as a solution rather than the entire product. To illustrate User Needs (Tool #2), Stella suggests using formal User Stories to step out of the technical mindset: "As a solar panel marketer, I want to find potential customers with enough roof surface area so that I can reach out to them and provide an accurate quote." By grounding the project in a specific human problem, the developer stops building for themselves and starts building for the market. As Stella notes: "The thing about the product Swiss Army knife... is that it can be applied to almost any situation where there is an end consumer, where somebody is going to use the thing, the service that you make." -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. The "200 Tools" Strategy: Programmatic Market Validation Daniel shared an unconventional approach to product discovery that serves as a masterclass in Market Context (Tool #3). Leveraging AI, he has built nearly 200 simple geospatial tools—such as a "Roof Area Calculator"—not as final products, but as a "sandbox" for discovery. This is Programmatic Market Validation. Instead of starting with a complex SaaS model, Daniel uses these micro-tools to find "winners" via organic search traffic. By observing where the internet already has unsolved spatial queries, he lets the market dictate which products deserve a full-scale build. In this new landscape, the barrier to entry has shifted: the competitive advantage is no longer "coding ability"—it is strategic experimentation. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4. Not All Traffic is Equal: The High-Value Keyword Insight One of the most surprising takeaways from this experimentation is the direct link between specific geospatial problems and commercial value. A general GIS data tool might get thousands of views, but a "Roof Area Calculator" generates significantly higher programmatic advertising revenue. The reason? Market Context. The keyword "roofing" implies high-value intent; a user measuring their roof is likely in the market for a new one, making them incredibly valuable to advertisers. Understanding the commercial landscape surrounding a user's problem is the difference between a struggling hobby project and a viable MicroSaaS. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5. The Precision Paradox: Why GIS Experts Struggle with UX There is a fundamental tension between the geospatial technical mindset and the product design mindset. GIS professionals are trained to be exact, precise, and correct. Designers, however, are taught to be wrong, gather feedback, and iterate. Daniel illustrated this with a "Hot Jar" anecdote. He once built a site where users were failing to move through the revenue funnel. Heat maps revealed the issue wasn't the data—it was the layout. Users weren't scrolling down far enough to see the critical action button. The data was perfect, but the UX was broken. Stella emphasizes that building a product requires the humility to accept that "the best designers of products are the users themselves." Success often comes from moving a button or simplifying a flow, not from adding another decimal point of precision to the underlying geometry. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6. Launching "Soft" to De-Risk the Rollout The "perfectionism trap" is the primary reason geospatial products fail to launch. Builders fear that "releasing slop" will damage their brand. However, Stella suggests the Soft Launch (Tool #7) as a vital de-risking mechanism. A soft launch allows you to: Prevent Stagnation: Avoid the "quiet abandonment" of projects that never see the light of day. Validate Demand: Ensure people actually want the tool before committing to months of development. Build Brand and Trust: In a world where anyone can spin up a tool with AI, trust is the ultimate differentiator. Launching early ensures continuous improvement and prevents the high-stakes pressure of a single "grand opening" that may miss the mark entirely. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. Conclusion: The Final Ponderance Building successful geospatial products is about empathy and process, not just pixels and polygons. Whether you are building a global API or an internal tool for a government agency, the principles of the Swiss Army Knife remain the same. At the recent Phosphag workshop in Oakland, the range of products—from print maps to digital twins—all shared a common hurdle: the energy to push through the "perfection barrier." As you look at your current projects, ask yourself: Am I building this because the data exists, or because a human has a problem I can solve? Success in the modern landscape requires a diversity of skills—brand, marketing, and distribution. If you aren't embarrassed by your first version, you’ve already lost the market. Stop building in the dark. Get out there and build the thing.

Why Machine-Writing Code is the Best (and Most Dangerous) Thing for Geospatial:   The current discourse surrounding AI coding is nothing if not polarized. On one side, the technofuturists urge us to throw away our keyboards; on the other, skeptics dismiss Large Language Models (LLMs) as little more than "fancy autocomplete" that will never replace a "real" engineer. Both sides miss the nuanced reality of the shift we are living through right now.   I recently sat down with Matt Hansen, Director of Geospatial Ecosystems at Element 84, to discuss this transition. With a 30-year career spanning the death of photographic film to the birth of Cloud-Native Geospatial, Hansen has a unique vantage point on how technology shifts redefine our roles. He isn’t predicting a distant future; he is describing a present where the barrier between an idea and a functioning tool has effectively collapsed.   The "D" Student Who Built the Future Hansen’s journey into the heart of open-source leadership began with what he initially thought was a terminal failure. As a freshman at the Rochester Institute of Technology, he found himself in a C programming class populated almost entirely by seasoned professionals from Kodak. Intimidated and overwhelmed by the "syntax wall," he withdrew from the class the first time and scraped by with a "D" on his second attempt. For years, he believed software simply wasn't his path. Today, however, he is a primary architect of the SpatioTemporal Asset Catalog (STAC) ecosystem and a major open-source contributor. This trajectory is the perfect case study for the democratizing power of AI: it allows the subject matter expert—the person who understands "photographic technology" or "imaging science"—to bypass the mechanical hurdles of brackets and semi-colons. "I took your class twice and thought I was never software... and now here I am like a regular contributor to open source software for geospatial." — Matt Hansen to his former professor.   The Rise of "Vibe Coding" and the Fragmentation Trap   We are entering the era of "vibe coding," where developers prompt AI based on a general description or "vibe" of what they need. While this is exhilarating for the individual, it creates a systemic risk of "bespoke implementations." When a user asks an AI for a solution without a deep architectural understanding, the machine often generates a narrow, unvetted fragment of code rather than utilizing a secure, scalable library. The danger here is a catastrophic loss of signal. If thousands of users release these AI-generated fragments onto platforms like GitHub, we risk drowning out the vetted, high-quality solutions that the community has spent decades building. We are creating a "sea of noise" that could make it harder for both humans and future AI models to identify the standard, proper way to solve a problem.   Why Geospatial is Still "Special" (The Anti-meridian Test)   For a long time, the industry mantra has been "geospatial isn’t special," pushing for spatial data to be treated as just another data type, like in GeoParquet. However, Hansen argues that AI actually proves that domain expertise is more critical than ever. Without specific guidance, AI often fails to account for the unique edge cases of a spherical world. Consider the "anti-meridian" problem: polygons crossing the 180th meridian. When asked to handle spatial data, an AI will often "brute force" a custom logic that works for a small, localized dataset but fails the moment it encounters the wrap-around logic of a global scale. A domain expert knows to direct the AI toward Pete Kadomsky’s "anti-meridian" library. AI is not a subject matter expert; it is a powerful engine that requires an expert navigator to avoid the "Valley of Despair."   Documentation is Now SEO for the Machines   We are seeing a counterintuitive shift in how we value documentation. Traditionally, README files and tutorials were written by humans, for humans. In the age of AI, documentation has become the primary way we "market" our code to the machines. If your open-source project lacks a clean README or a rigorous specification, it is effectively invisible to the AI-driven future of development. By investing in high-quality documentation, developers are engaging in a form of technical SEO. You are ensuring that when an AI looks for the "signal" in the noise, it chooses your vetted library because it is the most readable and reliable option available.   From Software Developers to Software Designers   The role of the geospatial professional is shifting from writing syntax to what Hansen calls the "Foundry" model. Using tools like GitHub Specit, the human acts as a designer, defining rigorous blueprints, constraints, and requirements in human language. The machine then executes the "how," while the human remains the sole arbiter of the "what" and "why." Hansen’s advice for the next generation—particularly those entering a job market currently hostile to junior engineers—is to abandon generalism. Don't just learn to code; become a specialist in a domain like geospatial. The ability to write Python is becoming a commodity, but the ability to design a system that accounts for the nuances of remote sensing is an increasingly rare and valuable asset.   History Repeats: The "Priesthood" of Assembly   This shift mirrors the 1950s, when the "priesthood" of assembly programmers looked at the first compilers with deep suspicion. Kathleen Booth, who wrote the first assembly language, lived in a world where manual coding was an arcane, elite skill. Those early programmers argued that compilers were untrustworthy and that a human could always write "better" code by hand. They were technically right about efficiency, but they were wrong about the future. Just as the compiler was "good enough" to allow us to move "up the stack" and take on more complex problems, AI is the next level of abstraction. We might use a "Ralph Wiggum script"—a loop that feeds AI output back into itself until the task is "done"—and while it may be a brute-force method, it is often more productive than the perfection of the past.   Conclusion: The Future is a Specialist's Game   We are moving away from being the writers of code and toward being the designers of systems. While the "syntax wall" has been demolished, the requirement for domain knowledge has only grown higher. The keyboard isn't dying; it is being repurposed for higher-level architectural thought.   As the industry experiences a "recursive improvement" of these tools, the question for every professional is no longer about whether the machine can do your job. It’s whether you have the specialized expertise to tell the machine what a "good enough" job actually looks like. Are you prepared to stop being a coder and start being a designer?

Felix Palmer, a developer and maintainer of DeckGL with a background in physics, discusses the innovative A5 discrete global grid system. He explains the challenges of aggregating global data and the importance of choosing the right grid for accurate analysis. Felix highlights how A5 improves upon previous systems like S2 and H3 by reducing area distortion and enabling equal-area projections. He also talks about the role of LLMs in enhancing geospatial tooling and shares insights on building accessible multilingual libraries for analysis.

The Open-Source Conundrum   Many successful open-source projects begin with passion, but the path from a community-driven tool to a sustainable business is often a trap.   The most common route—relying on high-value consulting contracts—can paradoxically lead to operational chaos. Instead of a "feast or famine" cycle, many companies find themselves with more than enough work, but this success comes at a cost: a fragmented codebase, an exhausted team, and a growing disconnect from the core open-source community.   This episode deconstructs a proven playbook for escaping this trap: the strategic transition from a service-based consultancy to a product-led company.   Through the story of Jeroen Ticheler and his company, GeoCat, we will analyze how this pivot creates a more stable business, a healthier open-source community, and ultimately, a better product for everyone.

Open-source software is often described as "free," a cornerstone of the modern digital world available for anyone to download, use, and modify. But this perception of "free" masks a growing and invisible cost—not one paid in dollars, but in the finite attention, time, and mounting pressure placed on the volunteer and community maintainers.   This hidden tax is most acute when it comes to security.   Jody from Geocat, a long-time contributor to the popular GeoServer project, pulled back the curtain on the immense strain that security vulnerabilities place on the open-source ecosystem.   His experiences reveal critical lessons for anyone who builds, uses, or relies on open-source software.

What if communities could map their own worlds using low-cost drones and open AI models instead of waiting for expensive satellite imagery? In this episode with Leen from HOT (Humanitarian OpenStreetMap Team), we explore how they're putting open mapping tools directly into communities' hands—from $500 drones that fly in parallel to create high-resolution imagery across massive areas, to predictive models that speed up feature extraction without replacing human judgment. Key topics: Why local knowledge beats perfect accuracy The drone tasking system: how multiple pilots map 80+ square kilometers simultaneously AI-assisted mapping with humans in the loop at every step Localizing AI models so they actually understand what buildings in Chad or Papua New Guinea look like The platform approach: plugging in models for trees, roads, rooftop material, waste detection, whatever communities need The tension between speed and OpenStreetMap's principles Why mapping is ultimately a power game—and who decides what's on the map

In this conversation, Jed Sundwall, Executive Director of Radiant Earth and an open-data advocate, emphasizes the critical distinction between raw data and cohesive data products. He critiques the current state of open data portals, advocating for intentional design with clear documentation and support. Jed introduces Source Cooperative as an invisible but powerful tool for easy data publishing. He also discusses the concept of 'gazelles'—agile organizations capable of adapting to 21st-century challenges, calling for innovative strategies to sustain long-term data stewardship.

Reflections from the FOSS4G 2025 conference    Processing, Analysis, and Infrastructure (FOSS4G is Critical Infrastructure) The high volume of talks on extracting meaning from geospatial data—including Python workflows, data pipelines, and automation at scale—reinforced the idea that FOSS4G represents critical infrastructure. AI Dominance: AI took up a lot of space at the conference. I was particularly interested in practical, near-term impact talks like AI assisted coding and how AI large language models can enhance geospatial workflows in QGIS. Typically, AI discussions focus on big data and earth observation, but these topics touch a larger audience. I sometimes wonder if adding "AI" to a title is now like adding a health warning: "Caution, a machine did this". Python Still Rules (But Rust is Chatting): Python remains the pervasive, default geospatial language. However, there was chatter about Rust. One person suggested rewriting QGIS in Rust might make it easier to attract new developers. Data Infrastructure, Formats, and Visualization When geospatial people meet, data infrastructure—the "plumbing" of how data is stored, organized, and accessed—always dominates. Cloud Native Won: Cloud native architecture captured all the attention. When thinking about formats, we are moving away from files on disk toward objects in storage and streaming subsets of data. Key cloud-native formats covered included COGs (Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs), Zarr, GeoParquet, and PMTiles. A key takeaway was the need to choose a format that best suits the use case, defined by who will read the file and what they will use the data for, rather than focusing solely on writing it. The Spatial Temporal Asset Catalog (STAC) "stole the show" as data infrastructure, and DuckDB was frequently mentioned. Visualization is moving beyond interactive maps and toward "interactive experiences". There were also several presentations on Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS). Standards and Community Action Standards Matter: Standards are often "really boring," but they are incredibly important for interoperability and reaping the benefits of network effects. The focus was largely on OGC APIs replacing legacy APIs like WMS and WFS (making it hard not to mention PyGeoAPI). Community Empowerment: Many stories focused on community-led projects solving real-world problems. This represents a shift away from expert-driven projects toward community action supported by experts. Many used OSM (OpenStreetMap) as critical data infrastructure, highlighting the need for locals to fill in large empty chunks of the map. High-Level Takeaways for the Future If I had to offer quick guidance based on the conference, it would be: Learn Python. AI coding is constantly improving and worth thinking about. Start thinking about maps as experiences. Embrace the Cloud and understand cloud-native formats. Standards matter. AI is production-ready and will be an increasingly useful interface to analysis. Reflections: What Was Missing? The conference was brilliant, but a few areas felt underrepresented: Sustainable Funding Models: I missed a focus on how organizations can rethink their business models to maintain FOSS4G as critical infrastructure without maintainers feeling their time is an arbitrage opportunity. Niche Products: I would have liked more stories about side hustles and niche SAS products people were building, although I was glad to see the "Build the Thing" product workshop on the schedule. Natural Language Interface: Given the impact natural language is having on how we interact with maps and geo-data, I was surprised there wasn't more dedicated discussion around it. I believe it will be a dominant way we interact with the digital world. Art and Creativity: Beyond cartography and design talks, I was surprised how few talks focused on creative passion projects built purely for the joy of creation, not necessarily tied to making a part of something bigger.