History of Philosophy: India, Africana, China

Later Mohists explained in the Canons how to provide compelling philosophical arguments, and how to avoid mistakes in argumentation. Does this count as “logic”?

A dive into Mohist approaches to language, naming, and knowledge. Short, cryptic canons and disputation tactics get explained. The White Horse Not Horse puzzle is explored and two readings of ‘not’ are compared. Practical knowing as capacity and pattern recognition is emphasized. The tie between shared meanings and social order is highlighted.

Did Mozi tell people that ghosts exist and that we can change our fate because he thought these things are true, or because it would be beneficial for people to believe them?

An interview on the contrasting views of Mohists and Confucians on ethical duties and warfare.

Discussion of the Mohist principle of inclusive care and how it connects personal ethics to political order. Examination of Mohist reporting systems, meritocratic promotion, and moral officials. Debate over justifications for war, conditional acceptance of overwhelmingly beneficial campaigns, and strategies for defense and deterrence.

Dive into the intriguing clash between Mohism and Confucianism as they debate the true meaning of morality. Explore whether seeking benefits is the right path to a good life. Discover how funeral practices and governance reveal deeper ethical views. The Moists promote inclusive care for all, while Confucians hold an elitist stance. Unpack the importance of accountable leadership and the role of ordinary people in moral decisions, advocating for a blend of philosophies in our ethical approach.

Dive into the consequentialist ethics of Moism, where impartial care takes center stage. Discover thought experiments that challenge our moral duties to those far away in need. Explore how this philosophy pushes for social welfare while navigating traditional emotions tied to care. Unpack critiques from Confucianism and ponder the balance between filial piety and inclusive ethics. This engaging discussion highlights the relevance of ancient philosophies in today's moral landscape.

A lively tour of Mozi and the Moists, who evaluate social practices by the standard of benefit. Exploration of their measuring analogy, practical argumentative methods, and anti-elitist roots. Discussion of tests for doctrines, rejection of costly rituals, and how heaven functions as a moral judge. Focus on ordinary people as verifiers and benefit as the central political and ethical yardstick.

Amy Olberding, a Professor of philosophy at the University of Oklahoma, dives into the intricate world of Confucian ethics. She reveals the layered meaning of 'li' as etiquette, highlighting its role in social dynamics. The conversation explores how rudeness denotes disrespect and underscores the importance of context in conduct. Olberding also discusses how practicing politeness can foster genuine feelings of gratitude. This insightful dialogue even touches on how politeness can challenge social hierarchies, emphasizing the power of exemplary figures in ethical training.

Can classical Confucianism be redeemed from its reputation for rigidly hierarchical thinking when it comes to the relationship between men and women?