Urban Warfare Project

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using artillery in urban warfare? What are the tactics, techniques, and procedures that work best when using indirect fires during operations in cities? How has artillery been used by both Russia and Ukraine over the last fifteen months of war? John Spencer explores these questions and more with Captain CJ Drew, an artillery officer in the 82nd Airborne Division. Captain Drew explains the basic artillery and other types of fires available to the US military before discussing some of the considerations and other concerns that must be accounted for during the employment of artillery in urban warfare. He also shares his thoughts on the particular opportunities presented by the ongoing war in Ukraine to analyze the role of artillery in large-scale combat operations in dense urban areas.

This month, the 40th Infantry Division, California Army National Guard, is convening a course for division and brigade staff officers and noncommissioned officers aimed at developing the skills needed to plan successful large-scale combat operations in major urban areas. The only course of its kind in the world, this is the third time it will be held. In this episode, John Spencer is joined by Brig. Gen. Robert Wooldridge, the deputy commanding general for operations of the 40th Infantry Division. He describes the course's previous iterations and the ongoing changes made as the division aims to best prepare students for the unique challenges of urban warfare.

Explore the unique challenges of urban warfare training, emphasizing the need for realistic environments over mere facility expansion. Discover the inadequacies of current simulations and the necessity of integrating modern technology into training. Delve into essential elements like underground scenarios and water obstacles, illustrated by the case study of Bakhmut. Uncover the critical components required to enhance soldiers' preparedness for urban combat, culminating in ten key infrastructure elements needed for effective training.

When Russian forces launched their invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, it quickly became apparent that one of their primary objectives was the capital of Kyiv. Over the next five weeks, they attempted to penetrate the city to overthrow the government. By April 2, the outcome of the Battle of Kyiv was clear: Russia had failed. Defying widespread expectations that Russia’s military advantages would weigh in its favor, Ukrainian forces and Kyiv’s civilian population successfully defended the city and defeated what was believed to be the second most powerful military in the world. This episode features a lecture on the battle given by John Spencer last month in Kyiv, recorded by the Kyiv Independent.

For more than a year now, the world has watched as Ukrainian cities have become unrecognizable, transformed by the destruction of the ongoing war triggered by Russia's invasion. Bucha, Mariupol, Kherson, Severodonetsk, Lysychansk, Bakhmut—these are just a few among many cities that, when the fighting ends, will face the monumental task of rebuilding. To better understand what that task involves, John Spencer is joined on this episode by retired Colonel Leonard DeFrancisci. A Marine Corps officer, he led a civil affairs detachment during the Second Battle of Fallujah and participated in the massive coalition effort to rebuild the city after the intense fighting and major destruction of the urban battle. He describes that effort in a conversation rich with lessons that will be important when the challenge of rebuilding Ukrainian cities comes.

In this episode, John Spencer is joined again by Michael Kofman, director of the Russia Studies Program at CNA. He researches Russia and the former Soviet Union, specializing in Russian armed forces, military thought, capabilities, and strategy. In the conversation, Kofman describes his recent trip to Bakhmut, Ukraine—the scene of intense fighting between Russian and Ukrainian forces over the past several months. He analyzes the situation for both sides in the battle, including their approaches and motivations, as well as the battle's possible outcomes. Kofman and Spencer also discuss the unique urban features that are contributing to the complexity of this battle as well as others in ongoing war.

In this episode, John Spencer is joined by Dr. Anthony King, a professor of war studies at the University of Warwick and the author of the book Urban Warfare in the Twenty-First Century. He talks about his book, including an important conclusion: because of discernible trends in urbanization, weapons development, and the size of modern military forces, Western militaries will be unable to avoid fighting in cities in the future.

In this episode, John Spencer is joined by Samuel Bendett. An analyst with the Center for Naval Analyses, he specializes in Russian unmanned military systems and artificial intelligence. In the conversation, he discusses his work tracking Russian technological advancements. He also describes various unmanned aerial and ground vehicles Russia is experimenting with for urban combat and explains how lessons learned from Russia's recent experiences fighting in Syria is impacting Russian force development.

In this episode, Canadian Army Major Jayson Geroux joins to discuss the 1943 Battle of Ortona. Sometimes called the “Italian Stalingrad,” the battle took place in the town of Ortona, on Italy's Adriatic coast, during World War II. Maj. Geroux walks listeners through the battle, which pitted a Canadian infantry brigade against German paratroopers, and highlights lessons from the fighting that should inform the way we think about urban warfare and the potential for peer conflict in dense urban terrain today.

On the morning of March 7, 1988, three members of the Palestine Liberation Organization hijacked a bus full of Israeli women traveling to work near the town of Dimona, Israel, in what has become known as the “Mothers’ Bus attack.” Maj. Gen. Avshalom Peled was at the time a platoon commander in the Yamam, an elite Israeli counterterrorist organization that specializes in close-quarters battle, and took part in the rescue operation. He joins this episode and describes his role in the now famous hostage rescue. He also shares some of the many lessons Israeli police learned from the operation.