Political Theory 101

Alex and Benjamin delve into the work of Jedrzej George Frynas, discussing interactions between states and corporations, especially in countries like Nigeria, where the state is in a frustratingly weak position.

Alex and Benjamin discuss Bartolus, a 14th century Italian jurist who used 6th century Roman law to legitimate the Italian city-states. Along the way, he develops the concept of "the city" as an abstraction, arguing that "the city is its own prince." This had substantial influence on later understandings of "the state."

Alex and Benjamin look at an ancient Indian political treatise, focusing especially on the interdependent relationship between householders and ascetics.

Alex and Benjamin discuss John Maynard Keynes through a political theory lens. They hone in on Keynes' strategy for saving capitalism, his impact on interwar Marxism, his use of J.A. Hobson's theory of imperialism, and more.

Alex and Benjamin discuss Persian political theorist and Seljuk Vizier Nizam al-Mulk, a talented administrator who nonetheless left behind quite a mess. We compare him to Michael Psellos (his contemporary). We discuss the Sassanid origins of his political thought. We also go into the deep, intractable problems he had with both women and heretics, making it difficult for the Seljuk Empire to replicate the long-term success of the enormous ancient Persian states.

Explore the political thought of Confucius, including the role of rituals, the balance between loyalty and family duty, and the gendered nature of the gentleman. Delve into Confucius's attempts at centralization and the significance of rituals in Chinese political thought. Also, learn about Confucius's views on political priorities and the importance of legitimacy narratives.

The discussion dives into Slavoj Žižek's intriguing ideas on ideology and materialism. They explore how Žižek's Yugoslav roots influenced his views on false beliefs and the role of rituals in shaping belief systems. The podcast also covers the clash between pre-modern and modern authority, highlighting Žižek's unique take on subjectivity and the notion of the Good. Capital's influence on politics is examined, particularly the tension between short-term incentives and long-term challenges. Lastly, insights on hybrid regimes and legitimacy narratives broaden the conversation.

Alex and Benjamin talk about Michael Psellos, an 11th century Greek thinker who advised a series of Byzantine emperors. We compare Psellos with earlier Platonists and discuss some of the problems the Byzantine Empire faced throughout his career.

Alex and Benjamin discuss Pyrrho and the Pyrrhonists, the conflict between the skeptics and the stoics, and the influence of ancient skepticism on modern empiricists, positivists, and pragmatists, particularly David Hume.

We discuss John Locke's views on nature and the way they influence his theory of property and his approach to trade. We also discuss the role he played on the Board of Trade, and his "tough on crime" approach to pirates.