Ground Truths

Yo-El Ju, neurologist and sleep scientist at Washington University, studies sleep, Alzheimer’s, and REM sleep behavior disorder. She covers which sleep stages matter for neurodegeneration. She explains slow-wave disruption experiments, orexin antagonist effects on biomarkers, sleep regularity and disease risk. She also discusses wearables, naps, insomnia types, menopause impacts, sleep apnea treatments, and practical sleep habits.

Robert Wachter, Chair of Medicine at UCSF and author known for Digital Doctor, discusses AI's big-picture effects on medicine. They compare deep learning to LLMs. He recounts using an LLM as a subspecialty curbside consult and warns about hallucinations. They cover AI scribes, digital avatars, real-world testing, data interoperability, and training clinicians to orchestrate AI tools.

Kevin J. Tracey, neurosurgeon and pioneer of the inflammatory reflex, explains his decades-long work on the vagus nerve and immunity. He recounts the accidental discovery that vagal stimulation cuts inflammation. They cover the new FDA-backed rheumatoid arthritis trial, implant and one-minute daily stimulation, handheld vs implant devices, and prospects for lupus, Crohn’s, Long Covid, and autonomic measures.

Dan Buettner, author and explorer, shares his insights on the Blue Zones concept, where people live remarkably long lives. He discusses his findings in areas like Sardinia and Okinawa and the defining factors contributing to longevity, such as a plant-based diet and strong social ties. Buettner addresses criticisms regarding the validity of Blue Zones data and explains the mission of Blue Zones LLC in reshaping environments to promote healthier lifestyles. He also highlights exciting new developments, including a focus on health-adjusted life expectancy.

Jonathan Kipnis, a leading neuroscientist at Washington University, discusses groundbreaking findings about the brain's waste clearance system. He explains how meningeal lymphatics challenge the belief that the brain lacks a drainage system. Listeners will find insight into glymphatic flow, the role of astrocytes, and how sleep enhances waste removal. Kipnis also highlights the connection between immune surveillance and brain health, diving into how aging and autoimmune diseases affect lymphatic function and potential therapeutic approaches.

Matthew Cobb, Emeritus Professor at the University of Manchester and author, dives deep into the complex life of Francis Crick, a towering figure in biology. He contrasts Crick's scientific rigor with the gossip-laden memoir by Watson. The conversation explores the inspiration behind Crick's shift from physics to biology and his groundbreaking work on DNA's double helix. Cobb also discusses Crick's intriguing foray into consciousness research, his cannabis use, and the lasting impact of his ideas beyond genetics.

In this discussion, Dr. Jennifer Gunter, a leading gynecologist and women's health advocate, teams up with Eric Topol to dive into the recent FDA changes regarding menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). They tackle complex issues like the misconceptions around MHT’s cognitive benefits and the impact of various hormone delivery methods on risks. Gunter critiques the wellness industry's marketing tactics and emphasizes the need for proper research funding in women's health. Their conversation highlights the intricate balance between symptom relief and informed care.

In her first live interview since her tenure as CDC Director, Dr. Susan Monarez, a seasoned microbiologist and immunologist, shares her journey from rural Wisconsin to federal leadership. She discusses the challenges she faced during her brief term, including managing multiple outbreaks and a tragic shooting. Dr. Monarez advocates for a vision of a prevention-focused CDC and introduces her ambitious 90/90/2035 initiative to enhance home-based preventive care. Her commitment to scientific integrity shines through as she reflects on the loss of CDC staff and the importance of resilience.

Seth Berkley, a prominent physician-epidemiologist and global vaccine leader, shares insights from his book, Fair Doses. He recounts the formation of COVAX and its early challenges, including regulatory delays and vaccine nationalism. Discussion highlights include the unprecedented speed of mRNA vaccine development, the impact of vaccine hesitancy, and the importance of continuous vaccine research. Seth emphasizes the need for sustained investment in global health to ensure equitable vaccine access and prepare for future pandemics.

Tom Frieden, former CDC director and public health leader, shares insights from his book on improving health. He discusses the 'Cassandra's curse' and the 'see, believe, create' formula for addressing public health inaction. Frieden highlights strategies to combat hyperbolic discounting, making future health benefits feel immediate. He critiques wellness industry hype and emphasizes proven interventions. The conversation also explores the need for funding and data in public health, and personal changes he made to reduce toxin exposure.