The Space Show by Dr. David Livingston

John and I welcomed Casey Dreier from The Planetary Society to the program to discuss the proposed NASA space and science budget cuts and the elimination of several key projects. Casey suggested that the direction for these cuts likely originated from the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), with minimal input or guidance from the space policy experts.He highlighted several affected programs, including significant budget reductions to the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, and the potential termination of the New Horizons and Venus missions. Casey also addressed the almost certain cancellation of the Space Launch System (SLS) and the Gateway program, both of which may die after Artemis 3.We also talked about a potential shift toward commercial Moon missions, though Casey noted the plans were vague and lacked clear direction. Our discussion covered broader topics as well, including cislunar development, cargo and resupply missions to the ISS, the outlook for private space stations, Mars exploration, and entry, descent, and landing (EDL) demonstrations.In Part 2 of the program, John focused on robotic missions—both current and planned—which are all heavily reliant on robotic technology. Casey added insights into the impact of budget cuts and restructuring at key NASA centers, including JPL and Goddard. Before concluding, we asked Casey about the implications of these changes for NASA scientists and engineers. He expressed concern about their uncertain job prospects, noting that opportunities for their highly specialized skills may be limited.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsBroadcast 4383: ZOOM: Marcus Chown, UK author | Sunday 08 Jun 2025 1200PM PTBroadcast 4384: Dave Barnhart, CEO of Arkysis | Tuesday 10 Jun 2025 700PM PTBroadcast 4385 Hotel Mars with Eric Berger | Wednesday 11 Jun 2025 930AM PTBroadcast 4386: ZOOM: Bill Gowan | Friday 13 Jun 2025 930AM PTSunday, June 15: No program in honor of Father's Day | Sunday 15 Jun 2025 1200PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

This was a special 2-hour, 16-minute Zoom program.On The Space Show website, the program is available in the audio-only format. Both video and audio are available on this Substack page.Our discussion focused on the development and evolution of GPS and the recently declassified PARCAE satellite technology. We explored their origins, technical challenges, historical context, and how they interconnected with agencies like the NRO, NRL, and broader advances in computing and satellite technologies. The conversation covered early proposals, the declassification process, and the crucial role of timekeeping, atomic clocks, and Einstein's relativity in enabling this groundbreaking work. Our guests also shared perspectives on future applications, innovation “back in the day,” system resilience, and the shift from strategic to tactical intelligence using satellites like GRAB and POPPY.After introductions, Richard provided an in-depth overview of our special guests and the PARCAE project. Lee began by referencing a 1957 Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) document that proposed two major satellite programs, one of which was PARCAE. He also shared that he is currently writing a book on the evolution of these systems, including GRAB, POPPY, and PARCAE.We examined how GPS and PARCAE—two closely linked programs—emerged. GPS, which began development in the late 1950s, utilized passive ranging for uniform accuracy across satellite constellations. PARCAE evolved from early reconnaissance satellites and focused on collecting radar signals globally, especially from the Soviet Union. GPS’s ability to provide accurate geolocation greatly enhanced PARCAE’s capabilities. Lee emphasized the importance of 3D mapping and global time synchronization in improving satellite positioning accuracy. We also discussed the difficulties of orbital prediction, relativistic corrections, and the eventual declassification of GPS for civilian use. Note what our guests said about getting so much data that they were overwhelmed and the early computers could not really handle.On the military front, we addressed how GPS was used for targeting and precision strikes. In response to a listener question, Lee explained that as early as 1966, the goal was to accurately know the location of both the user and the target to direct weapons effectively. The challenges included creating precise maps and compensating for Earth’s motion. The GPS system reached full operational capability in 1995, evolving from 15-foot accuracy in 1977 to today's much finer resolution. The conversation also covered the complexity of GPS—its integration across organizations, multiple technologies, and the development of similar systems by other nations. Our guests discussed the foundational work of pioneers like Roger Easton (Richard’s father), John Foster, Alexander Flax, Alan Berman, John McLucas, David Packard, and others.Later, a listener asked the guests to share their educational and career backgrounds. Lee spoke about earning his bachelor’s in electrical engineering from Penn State, where he gained early experience in transistor design. His career took off when he was recruited by Singer and later the NRL after his work during the Cuban Missile Crisis. Peter, an EE graduate from Purdue, also found his way to NRL. Richard shared his own background as well. All three emphasized the importance of self-education and the freedom they had to explore ideas across disciplines—something they felt was essential to their success.Peter reflected on GPS evolution and expressed regret about abandoning UHF transmissions, which might have enhanced performance in forested areas. Lee emphasized the need for cost reduction in future GPS upgrades and the importance of cross-disciplinary exposure for young minds. Peter recounted how Roger Easton proposed passive ranging and how Alan Berman’s expertise in atomic clocks was instrumental in advancing GPS. Peter also shared insights into clock accuracy improvements for space use and how he initially doubted such improvements were possible—until he realized it required different physics principles. When asked about using GPS on the Moon and Mars, both Peter and Lee explained the limitations. While GPS signals can be detected on the Moon, a local positioning system might be more practical. On Mars, environmental challenges like dust storms complicate signal transmission. Later, Peter discussed the Clementine mission, which mapped the Moon using cameras initially developed for the Strategic Defense Initiative. Lee noted how Clementine’s data later supported encryption and high-speed networks in education and defense. They also addressed early GPS launches—Peter developed a cost-effective launch solution using surplus ICBMs, and Lee praised Peter’s innovative "bow and arrow" launch method.Peter and Lee described the technical precision required for GPS accuracy, including clock modulation and carrier frequency synchronization. Applications like tectonic plate monitoring were among the early uses. Concerns were raised about GPS vulnerability in nuclear environments and its role in nuclear targeting. Peter expressed alarm over the potential for nations like North Korea to disrupt GPS via high-altitude nuclear detonations. We ended with a discussion on hypersonic weapons and the challenges of tracking them due to plasma interference with electromagnetic signals.The program concluded with a listener question about whether today’s education system can produce the kind of innovation seen in early satellite development. All three guests expressed concerns, citing the need for more emphasis on freedom to explore and pursue self-education. Don’t miss all of their comments on this important question.Listeners, feel free to post comments on this program and for our guests on both TSS blog page but also using the comments on our Substack page, doctorspace.substack.com.The audio only version of this program is here:Space Show Upcoming Programs: roadcast 4383: ZOOM: Marcus Chown, UK author | Sunday 08 Jun 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Marcus ChownMarcus talks about his new book, "THE ASCENT OF GRAVITY." Zoom listening & viewing instructions will be posted on the program blog prior to the broadcast.Broadcast 4383: Dave Barnhart, CEO of Arkysis | Tuesday 10 Jun 2025 700PM PTGuests: Dave BarnhartUpdate re Arkysis and their plans for business ports and more in spaceBroadcast 4385 Hotel Mars with Eric Berger | Wednesday 11 Jun 2025 930AM PTGuests: John Batchelor, Dr. David Livingston, Eric BergerEric is back on Hotel Mars to talk SpaceX, Musk, Starship and more.Broadcast 4386: ZOOM: Bill Gowan | Friday 13 Jun 2025 930AM PTGuests: Bill GowanBy Zoom. Bill shares his recent congressional lobbying experience with us re commercial space actions and more. Both Zoom viewing & listening instructions will be posted on the blog & archive page prior to this program.Sunday, June 15: No program in honor of Father's Day | Sunday 15 Jun 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Dr. David LivingstonSunday, June 15: No program in honor of Father's DaySponsors:Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Jess Sponable Returns: A Call for Entrepreneurial Leadership in Aerospace and Defense, Friday Space Show, May 30, 2025Jess Sponable returned to the program to discuss his recent Op-Ed, co-authored with retired Air Force General Steve Kwast, published on April 7, 2025, in The Washington Times (www.washingtontimes.com/news/2025/apr/7/time-build-culture-entrepreneurs-nasa). The piece emphasizes the urgent need for more entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs across NASA, the aerospace industry, and the defense sector.During the show, Jess expanded on what this kind of leadership entails and why it's essential—especially within public agencies and NGOs. Our conversation became a compelling case study in the urgent need for innovation in R&D, problem-solving, financing, and strategic thinking. Jess represented that it would be the entrepreneurs to bring this leadership to bear in these crucial industries and government organizations.Jess emphasized that entrepreneurial-style leadership is key to motivating teams and driving meaningful progress. Drawing on his own experience, he shared vivid historical examples, particularly from the 1950s to 1970s, including insights into the X-plane programs and early developments in both military and commercial jets.We explored a wide range of current and forward-looking topics, including returning to the Moon, future human missions to Mars, and the transformative roles of companies like SpaceX, Starship, and Starlink. A major portion of the conversation centered around the Golden Dome project. Jess advocated strongly for a space-based rather than Earth-based architecture, explaining the reasoning behind his position—though he noted uncertainty about whether the project’s planners would adopt this vision. He also addressed public concerns about space weaponization and outlined the type of satellite constellation the Golden Dome would likely require.Security implications were also discussed. Jess addressed vulnerabilities outside Golden Dome protection, such as U.S. ports and maritime assets—an issue raised by a listener. While acknowledging that no system could be perfect, he argued that the Golden Dome could prevent mass destruction and preserve national survival.Later in the program, caller Dallas Bienhoff joined the conversation to discuss the development of cislunar economic infrastructure and upcoming Blue Origin rocket capabilities. Jess highlighted companies like Stoke Space, Rocket Lab, and Blue Origin as key players driving launch costs down—a necessary step to reach the milestone of $100 per pound to Low Earth Orbit (LEO), which he identified as a transformative threshold for space access.Toward the end of the show, Jess briefly touched on the current state of human spaceflight medicine, including the potential of rotating stations for artificial gravity. However, he reiterated that reducing launch costs and fostering entrepreneurial leadership must come first.Additional topics included Jess’s extensive background with the DC-X, reusable VTOL launch projects, his work with DARPA and the U.S. Air Force, and an exciting update on his company, New Frontier Aerospace. The company is pursuing hypersonic flight capable of West Coast–to–Asia travel in just a few hours by skimming the edge of the stratosphere. Listen to the details he provided us.Don’t miss this dynamic and wide-ranging conversation. Jess is expected to return after New Frontier’s demonstration flight next year. We wish him—and the entire industry—continued success in overcoming the technical, political, budgetary, and policy challenges that lie ahead. Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Dan Adamo Returns for Part 2 on Interplanetary Synodic-Resonant WaypointsDan Adamo returned to the program for Part 2 of his discussion on “Interplanetary Synodic-Resonant Waypoints” for Earth-Mars spaceflight. To follow the conversation effectively, please refer to the PDF document associated with his first appearance on May 18, 2025. The link to that document is also included in the blog post for this current show.We began Part 2 with a brief review of Slide 5 before continuing on to discuss the remaining slides in his presentation. Please note that this is a somewhat technical discussion and best followed with the accompanying PDF.Rather than summarizing each slide individually, this overview focuses on the broader purpose behind Dan’s work—something he describes as "very speculative." Dan believes that Earth-Mars waypoints, asteroids and insitu resources may one day play a critical role in interplanetary transportation for both human missions and cargo. However, the concept of waypoints has not yet been seriously considered or integrated into current mission planning or even our thought process.Dan is working to change that. He’s intentionally being “evangelical” about introducing waypoint concepts into the broader conversation, with the hope of influencing how future Earth-Mars missions are planned and executed. His optimism stems from the belief that early awareness and evaluation of waypoints, asteroids, and resources can lead to more refined and effective mission architectures, better economics, and even efficient and possibly more pleasurable human spaceflight. He explains all of this in his discussion.Dan is actively seeking feedback on his ideas and presentation. After listening to both Part 1 and Part 2, he encourages you to share your thoughts—either by emailing him directly (his address is listed in the footer of each slide) or by posting on our blog or Substack, which he is monitoring. If you do email Dan directly, please copy me at drspace@thespaceshow.com so I can stay informed and involved in this important discussion.Dan and I thank you for listening, and we look forward to your feedback.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsTuesday, May 27: No program today. | Tuesday 27 May 2025 700PM PTNo Space Show Hotel Mars program today | Wednesday 28 May 2025 930AM PT(See John Batchelor Show podcasts for his Hotel Mars today. No Space Show Hotel Mars for medical reasons).Broadcast 4379 Jess Sponable | Friday 30 May 2025 930AM PTGuests: Jess returns on multiple topics. Don't miss this one!Broadcast4380: ZOOM: Richard Easton, Lee Hammarstrom, Pete Wilhelm | Sunday 01 Jun 2025 1200PM PTGuests: Richard Easton, Peter Wilhelm, Lee Hammarstrom Zoom program on previously classified satellite project Richard brought to our attention. This program was originally planned for early April but was cancelled due to hotel internet & my post ETD surgery recovery. See blog for Zoom listening instructions.Live Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

We welcomed Clay Mowry, the new CEO of AIAA, to the program to discuss the "new" AIAA and the overall health of our space industry. The 66-minute conversation kicked off with an in-depth look at AIAA’s dynamic new logo and the story behind it, as told by Clay. Make sure you are looking at the new logo when Clay tells its story. Check it out at www.aiaa.org.First things first:First, visit AIAA.org to check out the new logo. Then, while you're viewing it, listen to Clay’s story about its design and meaning. We’d love to hear your thoughts—feel free to share them in the comments on our show blog or on our Substack: doctorspace.substack.com. You will hear about the connection to the Bell-X-1. How many of you remember the Bell X-1 and its sound barrier-breaking legacy? If you don't, this is the perfect time to learn about this iconic chapter of not only U.S. history but global aerospace history.We then moved into a discussion about the changes within AIAA which is both an aviation and space organization. Clay provided us with the AIAA history but he also told us that the space division has a growing prominence of within the organization. As Clay explained, space is becoming a major focus in our economy and world and AIAA reflects that shift.When asked about his vision moving forward, Clay emphasized outreach to younger members, especially students, and a strong push toward digital transformation. He shared his experiences visiting many of the country’s top aerospace engineering and science programs, where he listened directly to students to better shape AIAA's future direction. Be sure to listen what he said about how where most students get their news and information.After exploring AIAA’s plans for student engagement and youth retention, one listener asked an important question: What about the older members—the "geezers" of the community? Don’t miss this part of the show, where Clay addresses AIAA’s outreach to its more seasoned members.In addition to discussing AIAA’s internal evolution, Clay shared his insights on broader industry topics including:* The space economy* Trends in investment and risk capital* The Artemis program* Starship, SLS, and the Gateway program* NASA’s increasing focus on human spaceflight* Potential budget cuts affecting NASA science and other agenciesWe also covered exciting updates to Aerospace America, AIAA’s flagship magazine and journal, as well as their book publishing division. Clay encouraged everyone to subscribe to My Daily Launch, AIAA’s newsletter. You can find it here:👉 https://aiaa.org/news/newsletters/my-daily-launchAs we wrapped up the show, Clay was asked what his biggest surprise has been so far as the new CEO. His answer? Well... you’ll have to listen to the program to find out!Thank you for tuning in,Dr. SpaceSpecial thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PTClay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTDan Adamo (Part 2), Memorial Day Weekend 25 May 12 PM PDTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

John and I had the pleasure of welcoming Dr. Robin Andrews from the UK to discuss planetary defense. Robin introduced us to the term “City-Killer,” which refers to an asteroid large enough to cause devastating damage if it were to strike a populated area. While such an impact would result in severe local destruction, it wouldn’t pose a global threat. Robin explained that a "City-Killer" asteroid typically measures between 140 and 160 meters in diameter and provided historical examples of similar impacts.We also discussed the recent NASA DART mission, which successfully demonstrated the ability to alter an asteroid’s trajectory by deliberately crashing a kinetic energy impactor into it. Robin acknowledged NASA as the leading entity in planetary defense research but also gave credit to ESA and other international organizations contributing to the effort.During our conversation, Robin addressed the complex and sobering decision-making process involved in either evacuating a threatened area or choosing to absorb the impact — a scenario no one wants to face. He also answered questions about different types of asteroids, including “rubble piles,” and shared insights on potential mitigation strategies. These included nuclear interceptors, gravity tractors, and other developing technologies.Robin emphasized the importance of early detection and long lead times, stressing that the sooner we identify a threatening asteroid, the greater our chances of successfully deflecting it.In the second part of the program, John asked Robin what he would do with an unlimited budget for planetary defense. Robin advocated for enhanced infrared observation capabilities, rigorous testing of nuclear interceptors, and maintaining ready-to-launch rockets and missions. He highlighted the Vera Rubin Observatory as a key upcoming asset in the hunt for potential threats like "City-Killers." When asked if a nuclear interceptor could trigger an EMP (electromagnetic pulse), Robin reassured us that this wouldn’t be a concern, as any detonation would occur millions of miles from Earth.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PTClay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTMemorial Day Weekend No Program | Sunday 25 May 2025 12:00 PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

We’re pleased to welcome Coyote Smith back to the program for a wide-ranging and insightful discussion covering topics such as the Grissom Space Seminar, the Space Force's 5th anniversary, great power competition in space, and the evolving nature of space warfare. Toward the end of our 65-minute conversation, Coyote also provided an update on space-based solar power.We spent 90 minutes talking about the Space Force—its mission, the challenges of weaponizing space, space rescue, asset protection, and cyber defense. We also examined the role of China and Russia as our primary space adversaries.We received multiple listener calls and emails that contributed thoughtful questions and comments. During our discussion, Coyote offered a quick but insightful analysis of the pros and cons of the Space Force remaining under the Air Force versus becoming an independent service branch. Both he and I agreed that the Space Force should ultimately become a stand-alone military service. As our guest explained, one of the main reasons for this is the allocation of financial and other resources. When filtered through the Air Force, funding can be redirected toward Air Force priorities, sometimes at the expense of Space Force needs.I also asked Coyote if he felt the Space Force is fully respected by the other military branches or if it still suffers from a certain “giggle factor.” His response to this question was particularly thought-provoking.We also touched on Artemis, the return to the Moon, and the broader vision for future space development. All in all, it was a fascinating and engaging discussion. We look forward to having Coyote back as a guest again soon—hopefully on a regular basis.You can find more information about this episode at www.thespaceshow.com for the broadcast dated Tuesday, May 20, 2025.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For realtime program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PTClay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTMemorial Day Weekend No Program | Sunday 25 May 2025 12:00 PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Please review/download Dan’s PDF document which you can find at www.thespaceshow.com/show/18-may-2025/broadcast-4374-dan-adamo. We welcomed Dan Adamo back to the program to discuss his recent work, presented to AIAA, on human spaceflight travel between Earth-Mars waypoints. The PDF of Dan’s presentation is available on the blog page for this episode. We began by reviewing key definitions and terminology before launching into a slide-by-slide discussion. Part 1 concludes with Slide 5. For full context, please open the PDF and follow along. It will also be essential for understanding Part 2 of this discussion, airing next week.In this segment, Dan defined many of the terms and concepts introduced in his presentation on Interplanetary Synodic-Resonant Waypoints. He also drew comparisons to the mature U.S. airline industry, suggesting how its development might parallel a future interplanetary transportation system though no such system exists in any form whatsoever today. Dan emphasized that his work is speculative—an important note to keep in mind, especially during our discussion of mission timelines and travel durations between Earth and Mars.Starship played a major role in the conversation, with some additional references to SLS, Orion, and the Gateway. Although we briefly touched on topics such as the Moon, lunar habitats, and development, the primary focus remained on the Earth-Mars Synodic-Resonant Waypoints.Dan responded to several listener calls and email questions throughout the show. While the subject matter was technical, we made a concerted effort to ensure that Dan explained concepts in accessible, layman’s terms.Dan invited further listener questions, especially from those catching the archived version of the show. He provided instructions for how to contact him directly via email for those preferring that method over blog posting. Throughout the discussion, he highlighted how his proposal could serve as a conceptual roadmap for future interplanetary travel—and he expressed hope that it might one day inform serious Earth-Mars mission planning.Late in the discussion, Dan was asked about waypoints for travel from Earth to Europa in the Jovian system—don’t miss Dan’s fascinating response to that question.Be sure to tune in for Part 2 of this program on 25 May 2025 at 12:00 PM PDT, using your usual method for accessing Space Show episodes.Thank you for listening!Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless EntertainmentOur Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For realtime program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PT“The Story of Astrophysics in Five Revolutions” by Ersilia Vaudo, Weds, 21 May 2025, 3 PM PDT.Clay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTMemorial Day Weekend No Program | Sunday 25 May 2025 12:00 PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServhttps://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

Please see Dr. Bhavya Lal’s full bio and photo at www.thespaceshow.com/guest/dr.-bhavya-lal-0.Dr. Bhavya Lal joined us as our guest on this Friday’s edition of The Space Show to discuss her significant March 17, 2025 Space Review article, “Is the Moon in America's Future?” Early in the interview, Dr. Lal also referenced several of her other important articles published in The Space Review—all of which are highly recommended for those seeking deeper insights into space policy and strategy. Additionally, she suggested several books to add to your reading list—be sure to check those out and read them if you have not yet done so.Our conversation reached well beyond the Moon. While we examined why the Moon should be central not just to America’s space future but to humanity’s as a whole, we also explored topics such as Mars exploration, the potential impact of NASA science and budget cuts, and the overarching importance of space science and exploration. A key focus was how to build broad-based support for space policy—among lawmakers, policymakers, and the public. Mars was also part of our focus and was not downplayed in our discussion. That said, Dr. Lal talked about priorities and for many reasons which you will hear her discuss, the Moon was prioritize over going to Mars for now.Dr. Lal and I also shared personal reflections on how space science has positively influenced our lives—a powerful reminder of the deeply human connection to this field. If space has had a meaningful impact on your life, we invite you to share your thoughts on the blog page for this program or via our Substack comments.We also delved into issues such as nuclear power and energy in space, fusion development, national security implications of lunar activities, and the urgent need for progress with Artemis and our return to the Moon. Dr. Lal emphasized the value of strategic planning—setting clear priorities, sequencing actions, and having contingency plans in place. Long-term thinking was a major theme throughout our discussion.This 75-minute interview is full of insight and perspective. We were honored to have Dr. Lal on the program, and I strongly encourage everyone—whether you’re a policymaker, space industry professional, advocate, or simply curious about our future in space—to listen closely to what she had to say.Thank you for tuning in.Special thanks to our sponsors:Northrup Grumman, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Helix Space in Luxembourg, Celestis Memorial Spaceflights, Astrox Corporation, Dr. Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University, The Space Settlement Progress Blog by John Jossy, The Atlantis Project, and Artless Entertainment (artlessentertainment.com)Our Toll Free Line for Live Broadcasts: 1-866-687-7223For real time program participation, email Dr. Space at: drspace@thespaceshow.comThe Space Show is a non-profit 501C3 through its parent, One Giant Leap Foundation, Inc. To donate via Pay Pal, use:To donate with Zelle, use the email address: david@onegiantleapfoundation.org.If you prefer donating with a check, please make the check payable to One Giant Leap Foundation and mail to:One Giant Leap Foundation, 11035 Lavender Hill Drive Ste. 160-306 Las Vegas, NV 89135Upcoming ShowsDan Adamo | Sunday 18 May 2025 12:00PM PTMichael (Coyote) Smith USAF (Ret), Tuesday 20 May 2025 7:00 PM PTHotel Mars with John Batchelor | Wednesday 21 May 2025 9:30 AM PTClay Mowry, AIAA, Friday 23 May 2025 9:30 AM PTMemorial Day Weekend No Program | Sunday 25 May 2025 12:00 PM PTLive Streaming is at https://www.thespaceshow.com/content/listen-live with the following live streaming sites:Stream Guys https://player.streamguys.com/thespaceshow/sgplayer3/player.php#FastServ https://ic2646c302.fastserv.com/stream Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe

John and I welcomed Anatoly Zak of RussianSpaceWeb.com to discuss the recently revealed Soviet-era mission to explore Venus — the Vener-72 program. This mission has resurfaced in the news following the unexpected reentry of one of its probes into Earth’s atmosphere on May 10, 2025, after spending over 50 years in orbit.In this two-part program, Anatoly takes us through the fascinating history of the Soviet Union’s Venus exploration efforts, with a special focus on the Vener-72 mission, which involved two probes — one of which ultimately failed. It’s an exciting and informative journey into both planetary science and Cold War-era space exploration.Don’t miss this deep dive into a rarely discussed chapter of space history.To learn more about Anatoly Zak and his work, visit www.russianspaceweb.com. Thank you for subscribing. Share this episode. Get full access to The Space Show-One Giant Leap Foundation at doctorspace.substack.com/subscribe