JAMA Clinical Reviews

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common infection that may cause severe illness in infants, young children, and older adults. Kathleen A. Linder, MD, of the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, discusses therapies to prevent severe RSV illness with JAMA Deputy Editor Kristin Walter, MD, MS. Related Content: Therapies to Decrease Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Illness Assessing the Real-World Effectiveness of Immunizations for Respiratory Syncytial Virus

Chronic pruritus, defined as itch lasting more than 6 weeks, affects approximately 22% of people in their lifetime. In this JAMA clinical review podcast, dermatologist Daniel C. Butler, MD, from the University of Arizona College of Medicine, joins JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, to discuss evaluation and management of chronic pruritus. Related Content: Chronic Pruritus

The Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) oversight role in the pharmaceutical market is critical to the health of patients and the health care system. Aaron Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH, and JAMA Editor in Chief Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, discuss the FTC's policies and legal actions related to alleged misconduct, consolidation, and anticompetitive behavior in the pharmaceutical market. Related Content: Federal Trade Commission Actions on Prescription Drugs, 2000-2022

Do text messages with or without financial incentives increase weight loss in men with obesity? Pat Hoddinott, MB, BS, PhD, of Stirling University talks with JAMA Deputy Editor Mary McGrae McDermott, MD, about the results of a randomized clinical trial that tested whether financial incentives combined with text messaging could help men with obesity lose weight. Related Content: Text Messages With Financial Incentives for Men With Obesity

Over the last several years there has been a proliferation of assistance animals in health care, including service animals, therapy animals, and emotional support animals. Lisa I. Iezzoni, MD, MSc, of Harvard Medical School and the Health Policy Research Center at Massachusetts General Hospital, joins JAMA Senior Editor Karen E. Lasser, MD, MPH, to discuss service animals in health care settings. Related Content: Service Animals in Health Care Settings

Dr. Nicholson discusses the importance of earlier and more frequent breast cancer screenings from age 40, the rationale behind USPSTF's updated recommendations for women in their 40s, challenges of screening women with dense breasts, and the significance of personalized screening strategies and ongoing research.

Toby M. Maher, Professor of Medicine and director of interstitial lung diseases at USC, specializes in diagnosing and managing ILD. He defines ILD and contrasts inflammation with fibrosis. He outlines who is at risk and early symptoms to watch for. He covers key diagnostics like high-resolution CT and discusses medical and nonmedical treatment options including antifibrotics, immunomodulation, oxygen, rehab, and transplantation.

Daniel Perry, pediatric orthopedic specialist, discusses timely diagnosis of dislocated hips in newborns to avoid complex surgeries and arthritis. Topics include graph technique for diagnosis, clinical examination techniques like Barlow and Autolani Maneuvers, challenges of bilateral disease diagnosis, limitations of clicks and pops indicators, and global screening approaches.

Caroline H. Siegel, Assistant Professor of Medicine and rheumatologist focused on lupus research. She defines who gets lupus and typical signs like rashes and joint pain. She walks through initial tests and how diagnosis is made. She reviews first-line therapy hydroxychloroquine, newer drugs for nephritis and nonrenal disease, and the role and risks of steroids and cardiovascular and cancer associations.

Experts in falls prevention, Karin E. Ouchida and Cathleen Colon-Emeric, discuss risk assessment and prevention of falls in older adults. They emphasize the importance of annually screening older adults for fall risk, gait speed tests, exercise interventions, balance training, and a comprehensive approach to prevent falls in this demographic.