Blockspace: AI & Bitcoin

Amanda Fabiano, former Head of Mining at Galaxy and now with Nakamoto, joins us to talk about the shift from Bitcoin mining to building diversified Bitcoin operating businesses. Why the "HODL-only" strategy is evolving for Nasdaq-listed companies, the importance of recurring revenue, and how NAKA is positioning itself as a leader in the next phase of the Bitcoin financial infrastructure. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: • Strategy focused on recurring revenue models. • Transition from mining to operating businesses. • Shift toward diversified crypto business models. • Market adjustment for Bitcoin specific firms. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 05:26 Amanda joins NAKA 07:18 BTC Inc brands 12:06 Valuing companies 16:45 Kindly MD deal 20:18 Next steps & business lines 21:53 Raising debt 28:49 Senior debt obligation 32:54 Preferred equity 34:17 Dividends? 34:58 David Bailey on both sides of the books 40:31 Using proceeds to buy BTC not debt 44:21 NASDAQ delisting notice 49:34 Wrap up 👉CleanSpark CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get your tickets to OPNEXT 2026 before prices increase! Join us on April 16 in NYC for technical discussions, investor talks, and intimate conversation with the brightest minds in Bitcoin. Matt from CoinShares, Kaan from Luxor, and Jay from Lygos join us to talk about the massive 14.7% Bitcoin difficulty adjustment and the impact of the recent Arctic blast on North American miners. We dive deep into Luxor's 21-month mining analysis, showing why hedging has outperformed spot mining since the 2024 halving. Finally, we discuss Ledn's historic Triple B-rated Bitcoin-backed bond and how institutional investors are beginning to view Bitcoin as high-quality collateral compared to traditional assets. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: • Bitcoin difficulty spikes +14.73 • Hashprice drops to all-time low of $30/PH/day. • ERCOT uneconomic hours rose over 900%. • Ledn bond rated Triple B- by S&P Global. • Hedging outperformed spot mining in 2025 Timestamps: 00:00 Start 02:56 Bombshell difficulty adjustment!!! 20:08 Ledn's $188M Bitcoin-Backed Bond Securitization 31:03 Nakamoto acquires Bitcoin Conference & UTXO Mgmt 38:24 Datacenter cry corner/culture corner 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get your tickets to OPNEXT 2026 before prices increase! Join us on April 16 in NYC for technical discussions, investor talks, and intimate conversation with the brightest minds in Bitcoin. Matt Hougan, CIO of Bitwise, joins us to talk about the current state of the crypto winter and when the bottom is finally in. We explore the digital gold narrative, explaining why central bank buying—not debasement—drove gold’s recent surge. Matt details the institutional vs. retail divide, the impact of Fed Chair Kevin Warsh, and the looming debate over Bitcoin’s security budget. Plus, we tackle the quantum discount and how AI agents could 1000x on-chain activity. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Altcoins like Sui and Aptos fell 70%+ in 2025. * Institutions might end the winter by Q2 2026. * BTC volatility capped at 50-60% drawdowns. * Gold price surge driven by central bank buys. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:22 Is it still "crypto winter"? 04:34 Why January? 06:36 Market segments 08:31 Gold 10:54 Central banks & Bitcoin 12:56 Causes of the crash 14:52 Kevin Warsh 16:58 Fed hawks become doves 17:34 Quantum... oh so scary! 19:59 Bitcoin Core 21:44 Revenue 24:37 Beyond "digital gold" narrative 26:44 AI 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Chris Alfano, CEO of 360 Energy, joins us to talk about the integration of Bitcoin mining and oil & gas. We discuss the recent investment from Halliburton and what it signals for the industry. Chris explains why major oil companies prefer giving away waste gas for free over taking hash price exposure, the technical challenges of dirty fuel gas, and the shift from individual wellheads to large-scale pipeline deployments. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Hash price hit all-time low of $29/PH/day. * China ban cut 80% of global hash rate. * 5 of last 6 difficulty adjustments negative. * AI infrastructure costs $10-$15M per megawatt. * Bitcoin price dropped to $65,000 level. * Sub-50 MW sites are the new frontier. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:22 AI boom & China mining ban 08:30 What edge do miners have over hyperscalers? 13:23 Energy production limits 21:23 Small scale HPC 24:23 Batteries 35:46 Secondary effects 36:51 Pleb miners 39:55 IS US mining doomed? 45:57 Powershell vs Neocloud 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Colin and Charlie join us to talk about a wild week in Bitcoin. We dive into the $16,000 price "puke" and whether we've hit a local bottom, explore Bitdeer's legal snag at their Ohio AI flagship site, and discuss IREN's inclusion in the MSCI USA index. We also break down the historic six-out-of-seven negative difficulty adjustments—the first since 2011—and tackle the "ontology of time" and quantum resistance. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Bitcoin lost $16,000 within 12 hours last week. * BTC saw a historic 21% daily price drawdown. * Bitdeer's Ohio site has 570MW allocated. * 6 of last 7 difficulty adjustments were negative. * IREN to join MSCI USA index on March 2nd. * Bitcoin hash price recovered to roughly $35/PH. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 04:01 BTC number go down! 10:10 Difficulty Update by Luxor 12:32 Bitdeer lawsuit 18:39 Cleanspark Ad 19:08 IREN added to MSCI USA Index 22:33 The MARA-Exaion plot thickens 29:14 BIP 360 merged 37:49 OP_NEXT Ad 39:21 Cry corner: No one understands anything about anything - 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Enjoy the show? Check out our website and newsletter by clicking here. Questions or want to sponsor? hello@blockspace.media Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Get your tickets to OPNEXT 2026 before prices increase! Join us on April 16 in NYC for technical discussions, investor talks, and intimate conversation with the brightest minds in Bitcoin. Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, Tom Masiero, Head of Strategy at Cathedra joins us to talk about the structural shifts pushing bitcoin miners toward AI and HPC services. We explore why this migration mirrors the 2021 China mining ban, the hidden opportunities for smaller operators, and why Bitcoiners understand the "power game" better than traditional data centers. Tom breaks down the reality of infrastructure costs, the current state of hash price, and how the "cockroach" mentality of miners is paving the way for the future of global compute. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Hash price hit all-time low of $29/PH/day. * China ban cut 80% of global hash rate. * 5 of last 6 difficulty adjustments negative. * AI infrastructure costs $10-$15M per megawatt. * Bitcoin price dropped to $65,000 level. * Sub-50 MW sites are the new frontier. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:22 AI boom & China mining ban 08:30 What edge do miners have over hyperscalers? 13:23 Energy production limits 21:23 Small scale HPC 24:23 Batteries 35:46 Secondary effects 36:51 Pleb miners 39:55 IS US mining doomed? 45:57 Powershell vs Neocloud 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, veteran Bitcoin journalist Kyle Torpey joins us to talk about the explosive revelations for Bitcoin in the latest Epstein files. We explore Epstein's $3M stake in Coinbase and his intriguing meetings with the architect of the Bitlicense, Ben Lawsky. Kyle debunks conspiracy theories about Epstein hijacking Bitcoin Core and explains the real influence Epstein had on early startups and protocol development. We also touch on the Blocksize Wars, SegWit2x, and other surprising Bitcoin connections hidden in DOJ documents. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Epstein invested $3 million in Coinbase in 2014. * Epstein sold 50% of his Coinbase stake for $15M. * 90% of hashrate signed the New York Agreement. * Brian Armstrong wrote to investors about Segwit2x * Epstein met with Gavin Andresen in 2011 Timestamps: 00:00 Start 02:41 Epstein & Bitcoin highlights 06:05 Hard fork proposals 13:17 Ben Lawsky 15:44 Winklevoss 27:10 Knots 29:53 MIT 30:50 Both side on Blocksize Wars 33:29 Was Gavin influenced? 38:13 Vinny Lingham 44:48 Mining centralization 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Brandon Black, Alex Pruden, Nic Carter, and GG join us to talk about whether Bitcoin is prepared for the quantum era. We explore the technical divide between developers who see quantum as a distant concern and investors who fear an unaddressed existential risk. From the Factor 21 meme to the trade-offs of post-quantum signatures like Sphinx and SLH-DSA, we break down the spicy debate that could lead to Bitcoin's most heated internal battle yet and what it means for the future of the network. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Quantum computers struggle to factor 21. * Bitcoin requires 256-bit factoring security. * Post-quantum signatures decrease throughput. * PQ signatures could force much larger blocks. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 00:58 Quantum: Fear or foreshadowing 05:17 Pumping your bags 08:01 The "appearance" of a plan 13:32 Current activity - 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Enjoy the show? Check out our website and newsletter by clicking here. Questions or want to sponsor? hello@blockspace.media Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Charlie, Colin, and Matt join us to talk about Bitcoin's brutal 50% drawdown and the resulting 13% difficulty adjustment. We dive into the geopolitical tension in France over Mara’s data center acquisition and Tether’s strategic move into Anchorage Digital. We also break down the massive $2 billion debt offering from Cipher Mining that was 6x oversubscribed and TeraWulf's 1.5GW power grab. Whether it's hash price hitting record lows or institutional funds unwinding, we’ve got the pulse on the markets. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Estimated 13% downward difficulty adjustment. * Hashprice hit daily lows near $30. * TeraWulf added 1.5GW potential power capacity. * Cipher Mining $2B note saw $13B in bidding. * Tether invested $100M into Anchorage Digital. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 02:58 Bitcoin sell off 10:19 Gemini exit EU & AU 14:41 Difficulty Report by Luxor 20:44 France stalls MARA takeover bid for Exaion 26:19 Tether invests in Anchorage digital 29:17 CAPEX still going strong? 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Enjoy the show? Check out our website and newsletter by clicking here. Questions or want to sponsor? hello@blockspace.media Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Subscribe to the Blockspace newsletter! Welcome back to The Blockspace Podcast! Today, CleanSpark's VP of Digital Asset Management Rory Murray joins us to talk about the latest macro shocks hitting the market and how they are driving bitcoin’s price. Rory breaks down how the options market may have been weighing on bitcoin’s price in Q4, and how the options market has changed bitcoin’s market. We also dive into the six sigma move in Japanese rates, the unraveling of the yen carry trade, and how geopolitical tensions over Greenland are affecting global liquidity. Rory explains why bitcoin is being buffeted by noise while gold and silver take the lead in the debasement trade, plus the intersection of AI energy demand and Bitcoin mining as we head into 2026. Subscribe to the newsletter! https://newsletter.blockspacemedia.com Notes: * Japan 40-year bond yields topped 4% first time. * Japan has world's highest debt-to-GDP ratios. * Korean equity index rose 70% last year. * Yen carry trade has driven trillions in flow. * Gold crossed USD as top central bank reserve. Timestamps: 00:00 Start 03:20 Bitcoin & macro 06:45 Japan 17:08 Carry trade & liquidity drying up 18:08 Debasement trade 18:47 Hypercycle 22:50 Silver rally 23:18 Energy is the value creator 26:59 Options suppressing Bitcoin price? 41:10 Dampening volatility 42:35 Next 90 days 46:07 Cleanspark's BTC stack 48:14 Easier or harder to manage stack 👉CleanSpark, America's Bitcoin Miner! CleanSpark (Nasdaq: CLSK) is a market-leading data center developer with a proven track record of success. We own a portfolio of power, land, and data centers across the United States powered by globally competitive energy prices. Sitting at the intersection of Bitcoin, energy, operational excellence and capital stewardship, we optimize our infrastructure to deliver superior returns to our shareholders. Monetizing low-cost, high reliability energy by producing a global emerging critical resource – compute – positions us to prosper in an ever-changing world. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices