In Our Time

BBC Radio 4
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Oct 21, 1999 • 28min

The Individual

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the history of the concept of the individual. The Renaissance gave birth to the concept of the individual. Shakespeare defined this individual in language which accepted the primacy of the male gender: “What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty! In form, in moving, how express and admirable! In action how like an angel! In apprehension how like a God!” According to Michel Foucault, French philosopher, polar opposite of Shakespeare and backed as he thought by Marx and Freud, our century killed the individual off. But has it? Was the individual born a mere six hundred years ago and has the century tolled its bell? And what is the individual?With Richard Wollheim, Professor of Philosophy, University of California in Berkeley; Jonathan Dollimore, Professor of English, York University.
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Oct 14, 1999 • 28min

The Nation State

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss the Nation State. When we speak of our island story which island do we mean? When did England elide with Britain and why does it sit uneasily alongside the United Kingdom? At the end of the 20th century, the identity of one of the most forceful countries of the millennium is subject to scrutiny, doubt and criticism. What is England now? When did it act as England and not Britain, or the UK, or the British Isles? And how does its new role fit in with the idea of the Nation State which has dominated the internal and, more dramatically, the external behaviour of many powerful countries over the last few centuries? Yet despite its mighty past the Nation State itself can now seem powerless against the forces of globalisation. With Norman Davies, Emeritus Professor, London University and author of The Isles: A History; Andrew Marr, former editor of The Independent and author of Ruling Britannia: the Failure and Future of British Democracy.
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11 snips
Oct 7, 1999 • 28min

Utopia

Delving into the concept of utopia, this podcast explores the idea of a perfect society that has captured humanity's imagination for centuries. It discusses the allure of utopian ideals despite their non-existence, the impact of fascism and communism, and the reflection of present and future aspirations in fictional utopias. The discussion also touches on the authoritarian nature of many utopian visions, the challenges utopian communities face in balancing individual and communal goals, and the ethical implications of genetic engineering for achieving utopian concepts.
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15 snips
Sep 30, 1999 • 28min

Maths and Storytelling

Mathematician John Allen Paulos and novelist Marina Warner discuss the fascinating relationship between maths and storytelling. They explore the hidden mathematical logic in stories, the origins of both in our ancestors' need to measure the world, and the possibility of applying mathematical logic to literature. The podcast delves into the formalist approach of analyzing folk tales, the intersection of mathematics and humor in jokes, and the link between mathematics, language, and storytelling.
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Sep 23, 1999 • 28min

Genetic Determinism

Exploring the impact of Mendel and Darwin on modern biology, genetic determinism raises questions about genes determining fate. Critics challenge 'genetic determinism' while others blame behavior on 'criminal genes'. Genetics delves into inheritance, but is it solely about genes?
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20 snips
Jul 22, 1999 • 28min

Pain

Neurologists discuss the subjective experience of pain and its connection to human consciousness. Rethinking pain theories from Descartes to modern dynamic views. Exploring the complexities of pain perception, including cases of pain without physical damage. Delving into phantom pain, the placebo effect, and cultural influences on pain perception. Exploring physical causes of pain, phantom limb pain, and the interconnected nature of sensations and perception.
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Jul 15, 1999 • 28min

Truth, Lies and Fiction

Elena Lappin questions the truth in the acclaimed Holocaust memoir 'Fragments'. The debate delves into authenticity in literature, the impact of historical forgery on survivors, and the blurred lines between truth and fiction in storytelling.
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Jul 8, 1999 • 28min

Africa

Exploring Africa's past and present, the podcast challenges Western stereotypes and highlights the continent's rich intellectual heritage. Discussions on Europe's influence, African identity politics, and cultural values offer a nuanced view of Africa beyond clichés.
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Jul 1, 1999 • 28min

Intelligence

Melvyn Bragg and guests ponder the concept of intelligence, delving into the historical roots of IQ tests, the debate over innate vs. developed intelligence, and the impact of intelligence on eugenics and racism. They discuss the complexities of measuring intelligence, including the controversy surrounding IQ tests and the evolving understanding of cognitive abilities. The conversation also explores the evolution of human intelligence, the influence of cultural tools on intelligence, and the potential physical basis of intelligence, considering ethical implications and future developments.
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Jun 24, 1999 • 28min

Capitalism

Melvyn Bragg and guests discuss capitalism throughout the last two centuries. In 1848 Karl Marx in The Communist Manifesto described the dynamic force of capitalism as it swept through the 19th century: Constant revolutionising of production, uninterrupted disturbance of all social conditions, everlasting uncertainty and agitation. ‘All that is solid melts into air’. Was Karl Marx, in criticizing capitalism, actually responsible for defining it? From Marx’s critique of capitalism in the 19th Century through to the collapse of Communism at the end of the twentieth century, have we witnessed the triumph of capitalism? Or are we only now learning the full costs and the social impact of unfettered capitalism?With Anatole Kaletsky, economics commentator and Associate Editor of The Times, and author of The Costs of Default and In the Shadow of Debt; Edward Luttwak, Senior Fellow at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington DC and author of Turbo Capitalism: Winners and Losers in the Global Economy.

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