Esfandyar Batmanghelidj

Nicholas Mulder, an economic historian of sanctions; Esfandyar Batmanghelidj, a West Asia development researcher and professor; and Aslı Bâli, a public international law and human rights scholar. They discuss economic warfare in the U.S.-Israeli conflict with Iran. Short takes cover sanctions' historical role, choke points and hybrid tactics, semiconductor controls, asymmetric strategies, and the geopolitical fallout for global finance and regional integration.