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Egypt Cast As A New Babel
- Exodus intentionally links to Genesis 11 (Babel) to frame Egypt as a renewed force of chaos opposing God's plan.
- Heiser argues the narrative shows God's promises succeed despite chaotic opposition.
Seventy Is A Subset, Not A Headcount
- The 'seventy' in Exodus likely denotes Jacob's direct male line, not the full migrant caravan.
- Heiser uses this to caution against strict literalism when dating events.
Pharaoh 'Not Knowing Joseph' Implies Time Gap
- 'A new king who did not know Joseph' implies a long interval, not simply the next pharaoh.
- Heiser notes biblical and extra-biblical data place centuries between Joseph and Exodus events.