The Thomistic Institute

Render Unto Caesar: Aquinas On the Relationship Between Religion and Politics I Prof. Michael Krom

Aug 25, 2025
Prof. Michael Krom, a Thomistic philosophy expert from Saint Vincent College, dives into Aquinas's insights on the relationship between religion and politics. He unpacks the biblical command to 'render unto Caesar,' emphasizing our dual obligations to God and political authority. The discussion reveals how early Christians navigated their faith in diverse political landscapes and the moral responsibilities of citizens in the face of unjust laws. Krom also explores Aquinas's views on legal justice and the interplay between faith, civic duty, and the concept of armed defense for the church.
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INSIGHT

Christians As Sojourners In The Polis

  • Early Christianity distinguished religion from civic identity by being 'sojourners' scattered through cities.
  • Christians obey local customs yet transcend political religion by belonging primarily to the body of Christ.
ADVICE

Apply Virtues Toward The Common Good

  • Practice legal (general) justice by directing your private virtues toward the common good.
  • Fulfill civic duties like voting and jury service as concrete acts of social responsibility.
INSIGHT

Unjust Laws Might Not Bind Conscience

  • Aquinas allows that human laws can be unjust and thus lack binding moral force in conscience.
  • Yet he urges prudence: refusal may be limited to avoid scandal, disturbance, or practical disorder.
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