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Operators Overrode Alarms During Fatal Test
- During the turbine test on reactor four, operators overrode alarms and injected water despite warnings, causing power instability and triggering explosions.
- Anatoli Dyatlov ordered overrides; control rods with graphite tips actually spiked reactivity when inserted, precipitating the disaster.
Firefighters Faced Acute Radiation and Illness
- Fire chief Volodymyr Pryvyk and Pripyat firefighters rushed to Chernobyl and encountered blazing machine halls and extreme radiation.
- Many firefighters fell ill with metallic taste, vomiting and pins-and-needles; crews were later hospitalized.
Divers Drained Reactor Water To Avert Larger Explosion
- Helicopters dropped sand and boron bags for days, but only ~1 in 5 hit the target, sometimes insulating the reactor and worsening the heat.
- Volunteers Ananenko, Baspalov and Baranov drained water under the reactor in wetsuits to prevent a steam explosion.


