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Extortion Then Execution In Jérémie
- Dessalines supervised death squads that extorted valuables then executed detained whites, often using bayonets to avoid alerting nearby towns.
- In Jérémie he staged fake protection fees, had prisoners dig up hidden wealth, then marched them to the edge of town to be decapitated.
Massacre Was Specifically Anti French
- The massacres targeted specifically French-born people, not all whites, sparing Americans, British and many Poles who had defected.
- That selective extermination reinforced a policy of permanent exclusion enshrined later in Haiti's constitution.
Massacre Led To White Exclusion In Constitution
- The 1804 purge left Haiti nearly white-free and set a constitutional ban on Europeans owning property, institutionalizing exclusion.
- The 1805 constitution forbade Europeans as masters and owners while giving blacks and freed people citizenship rights.