
Amicus With Dahlia Lithwick | Law, justice, and the courts Immigration Myths and Birthright Citizenship
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Mar 14, 2026 Anna O. Law, a constitutional and immigration scholar, explores the real history of American migration and the origins of birthright citizenship. She debunks myths of open early borders and explains colonial and Reconstruction-era policies. The conversation covers Wong Kim Ark, the phrase "subject to the jurisdiction," state versus federal control of migration, and why the 14th Amendment framed citizenship as constitutional law.
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Indentured Servitude Was A Migration Tool
- Indentured servitude functioned primarily as a migration mechanism, not just labor, allowing passage in exchange for fixed-term service.
- Law notes contracts granted legal recourse and eventual freedom, unlike lifelong chattel slavery.
Legal Divide Between Servants And Enslaved People
- Though servants and enslaved people worked side-by-side, their legal statuses differed radically: servants had contracts and remedy rights; enslaved people were property and their children inherited bondage.
- Law emphasizes pregnancy extended servant terms while enslaved women's offspring remained enslaved by law.
Shift From Indentures To Enslavement After 1680
- By the 1680s European indentured migration declined while transatlantic slave importation rose as planters found enslaved labor cheaper and more permanent.
- Law links falling servant inflows and British engagement in the slave trade to this economic shift.




