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Early Formation In A Vibrant Intellectual World
- Al-Ghazali combined rigorous legal and theological training with independent study of philosophy, shaped early by al-Juwayni.
- His position emerged from a rich, competitive intellectual world across Baghdad, Damascus and Jerusalem.
Philosophers Condemned For Three Core Doctrinal Errors
- In The Incoherence of the Philosophers al-Ghazali accuses philosophers of doctrinal errors and lists twenty faults.
- He brands three views — world eternality, God's ignorance of particulars, and denial of bodily resurrection — as heretical.
Causation Versus Miracle: The Core Philosophical Clash
- Causation is central to al-Ghazali's critique: what appears as necessary causal links might be habits, not metaphysical necessities.
- He opens space for miracles by denying causal necessity while leaving open different readings of occasionalism.