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Sex Versus Gender Distinction
- Simone de Beauvoir distinguishes sex as biological and gender as socially constructed, famously saying one is not born but becomes a woman.
- Gender involves socialization that coerces people into stereotypical roles, shaping behavior and identity.
Gender As Performance
- Judith Butler argues gender is performative: we 'do' gender through repeated acts of dress, speech and behaviour.
- Performances feel natural but are socially compelled, though they can be subverted to challenge norms.
Intersectionality Changes Feminist Claims
- Intersectionality highlights that women's experiences differ across race, class, disability and more.
- Being a black woman, for example, produces a distinct oppression not reducible to 'black' plus 'woman'.