Lowy Institute

Conversations: First among equals — How the US should adjust to a multipolar world

Sep 30, 2025
Emma Ashford, a Senior Fellow at the Stimson Center and adjunct professor at Georgetown, discusses her new book on U.S. foreign policy in a multipolar world. She stresses the importance of U.S. adaptation over maintaining its old unipolar mindset, examining the generational habits that hinder change. Ashford highlights China's hegemonic threat in Asia and the need to balance deterrence with avoiding war. She emphasizes the significance of Taiwan and suggests that the U.S. should re-evaluate its defense strategy, particularly in collaboration with allies like Australia.
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INSIGHT

Debate Moves Beyond Do More/Less

  • The old binary of 'do more' versus 'do less' in US foreign policy has broken down into detailed debates about focus and instruments.
  • Questions now concern where to prioritize military, economic, and technological effort rather than a single scale of engagement.
INSIGHT

US Asia Posture Still Undecided

  • The Biden administration's posture on Europe and the Middle East is clearer than its Asia posture, with the NDS still in flux.
  • Reports that the US will abandon Asia are likely oversold; discussions focus on specific posture adjustments like Taiwan.
ADVICE

Rebalance: Lean Back, Lean Forward

  • Lean back militarily in Europe and the Middle East while leaning forward diplomatically and economically in Asia.
  • Strengthen non-military engagement in Asia to signal long-term US commitment and access to markets.
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