Bloomberg Businessweek How America Turned the World Economy Into a Weapon
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Feb 26, 2025 
Edward Fishman, a Columbia University Professor and sanctions expert, dives into economic warfare and the effectiveness of U.S. sanctions post-Ukraine invasion. He emphasizes the emerging alternatives to dollar dominance, highlighting the crucial future of digital currencies. Oskar Lewnowski, CEO of Orion Resource Partners, discusses recent copper tariff proposals and their impact on global supply chains, while stressing the importance of domestic copper processing for national security amidst rising geopolitical tensions.
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Evolution of Choke Points
- Traditional choke points were geographical, like the Bosphorus strait.
- Modern choke points are economic, like control over the US dollar or specific supply chains.
Trump's Tariff Strategy
- President Trump favors economic warfare but relies heavily on tariffs.
- Tariffs are a weaker tool than sanctions because they tax imports rather than blocking them.
Tariffs vs. Sanctions
- Tariffs historically served economic purposes like protecting domestic industries.
- They haven't typically been used as national security tools like sanctions.
