
Freakonomics Radio 673. What Is Money?
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May 1, 2026 David Lang, a Pulitzer-winning composer and Yale music professor, turns Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations into a bold oratorio. He explores money as a human connector, trade and labor as emotional experience, and the idea of “enough.” Along the way: why he left pre-med, how he composes, and what it takes to bring a risky new work to life with the New York Philharmonic.
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David Lang Found Human Connection Inside Economics
- David Lang shifted from Adam Smith’s factory imagery to a bigger idea that trade is what binds people together.
- He treats money as a token passing between connected people, representing labor more than intrinsic value.
David Lang Learned Enough From A Freelancer's Life
- David Lang says freelancing in the arts forced him to get comfortable with having less and define enough very narrowly.
- He cites Mr. Micawber’s one-penny rule and recalls his mother urging medical school after his Cleveland Orchestra performance.
The Piece David Lang Feared Would Be Blasphemous
- David Lang built The Little Match Girl Passion by replacing Jesus with Andersen’s freezing girl inside Bach’s Passion framework.
- He feared it would seem blasphemous, but the experiment instead won him the Pulitzer Prize.














