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Colfax Courthouse Occupation Ends In Massacre
- Grant Parish's Black militia occupied the Colfax courthouse after a disputed 1872 election to prevent Democrats from seizing power.
- On Easter Sunday 1873, Christopher Nash's white mob attacked, burned the courthouse, and massacred up to 150 Black residents despite surrender offers.
Economic Crash Undermined Reconstruction Support
- The Panic of 1873 triggered by railroad speculation collapse caused the worst depression up to that time, wiping out jobs and investment.
- The resulting economic shock intensified Northern fatigue with Reconstruction and weakened political will to defend Black rights.
Freedmen's Bank Collapse Devastated Black Savings
- The Freedmen's Savings Bank collapsed in June 1874 after risky loans, costing 60,000 Black depositors about $3 million in savings.
- Many depositors had assumed federal backing because of ties to the Freedmen's Bureau and patriotic imagery in bank materials.


