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Deep-Rooted Anti-Catholicism
- Opposition to Catholicism was deeply rooted in 17th-century English politics.
- Anti-Catholic sentiment stemmed from historical myths and fears of authoritarian rule associated with Catholicism.
Absolutist Instincts and French Influence
- James II's perceived absolutist tendencies and ties with France fueled anxieties about potential tyranny.
- His actions, such as manipulating Parliament and building a standing army, mirrored Louis XIV's authoritarian rule, reinforcing these fears.
James II's Loss of Nerve
- James II, initially a competent leader, seemed to lose his nerve as William of Orange's invasion progressed.
- This loss of nerve contributed to William's success despite James's prior preparations.


