Although later Christianity interpreted the handful of texts that call Jesus God as evidence that he shared the same rank, substance, and age as the Father, a more Hebrew-sensitive reading of these same verses yields more organic fruit. Instead of bringing in complex Greek philosophy to distinguish person from being and divine from human natures, the bible provides clear precedents for the idea that Jesus as God’s agent can be called God because he represents him. Thus, we do not have two Gods, but one God and his representatives, whether human judges, angelic beings, prophets, or the messiah himself. Suddenly centuries of harebrained distinctions and intellectual confusions dissipate like so much fog in the morning sun and we are left with Jesus of Nazareth, God’s man to announce and enact the good news. Texts discussed in this episode include Isaiah 9.6 (by Daniel Calcagno), Matthew 1.23, Psalm 82.1, 6, John 10.34ff, Psalm 45.6, Hebrews 1.8, Exodus 21.5-6, 22.8-9, John 20.28, and John 1.8. To follow along with this class, please download this handout as I refer to it repeatedly.

—— Notes ——

State the Doctrine Simply

Because Jesus is God’s supreme agent, people can call him “God” in the same sense that God called the judges “Gods” and Israelite kings could be called “God.” He is at once subordinate to God and he bears the divine authority and name as his representative.

Texts that Support This Teaching

Jn 5.19, 30; 8.28; 12.49-50; 14.10, 28; 1 Cor 11.3; 15.28

Difficult Texts

Although we worked through shaky texts last time where the bible might call Jesus God, now we want to work on the remaining key texts, including Hebrews 1.8, John 20.28, and John 1.18.

The word “God” is more flexible than you think.

Principle of Agency

angels prophets judges kings

Ex 3.3-6 Ex 4.14-16 Ex 21.5-6 Ps 45.1-7

Ex 20.1-3 Ex 7.1-2 Ex 22.8-9 Is 9.6

Psalm 8.5 Joel 3.16-17 Ps 82.1-8?

(Heb 2.7)

Isaiah 9.6 For a child will be born to us, a son will be given to us; And the government will rest on His shoulders; And His name will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Eternal Father, Prince of Peace.

The Messiah is prophesied to be called “Mighty God” and “Eternal Father.” First of all, Trinitarians do not believe that Jesus is the Eternal Father; they believe he is the Eternal Son. So they too would argue that this name should not to be taken in a strict literal sense. Furthermore, there are many others who bore names that included the word God (Heb. El or Yah). Eliab means “My God Father”; Jehoram means “Yahweh Exalted”; Ithiel means “God with Me”; Isaiah means “Salvation of Yahweh.” Having a name doesn’t necessarily describe you it may describe your God. Also, it is possible to call a human being “God” if he represents God to the people. For example, Solomon (or whoever is in mind in Psalm 45) is called God (Ps 45.6-7). The judges of Israel are called Gods (Ps 82.6), a fact which Jesus played upon when he was accused of calling himself God (John 10.33-36). Jesus is called “Mighty God” because he represents the Mighty God. He is called “Eternal Father” because through him the Eternal Father discloses truth (John 14.10).

John 10.27-39 27 My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me. 28 I give them eternal life, and they will never perish, and no one will snatch them out of my hand. 29 My Father, who has given them to me, is greater than all, and no one is able to snatch them out of the Father’s hand. 30

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