#49-Essential Knowledge About Critical Thinking-with Guest Jonathan Haber

In 'How We Think,' John Dewey explores the nature of thought and the process of reflective thinking. The book, first published in 1910 and revised in 1933, emphasizes the importance of training students to think well by engaging in scientific inquiry and critical reflection. Dewey argues that thinking is evoked by specific dilemmas and confusion, and that it involves considering the basis and consequences of beliefs. He stresses the need for a scientific attitude in education to promote individual happiness and reduce social waste. The book also discusses the distinction between various types of thinking, the role of experience and evidence in forming beliefs, and the importance of testing inferences to ensure they rest on solid evidence.

In 'The Demon-Haunted World,' Carl Sagan warns about the dangers of a scientifically illiterate society. He argues that the rise of pseudoscience and superstition threatens our ability to make informed decisions and undermines the foundations of democracy. The book advocates for the use of critical and skeptical thinking, presenting a 'baloney detection kit' to help readers distinguish between scientific evidence and pseudoscientific claims. Sagan discusses various forms of pseudoscience, including UFO sightings, astrology, and faith healing, and emphasizes the importance of science education and literacy in navigating the complexities of the modern world.