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Directory Built From Rival Blocs
- The Directory's executive was composed of factions and technocrats rather than a unified political movement.
- These competing blocs shaped policy and created instability from the start.
Currency Collapse Deepened Crisis
- France faced hyperinflation and near-collapse of its currency with massive paper money in circulation.
- The government kept printing assignats while admitting their worthlessness, deepening the economic crisis.
Speculators Exploit The Collapse
- Speculators profited by buying national lands with worthless paper and leveraging bribery at auctions.
- This concentrated land and worsened popular resentment during scarcity.