New Books in Big Ideas

Graham Harman, "Waves and Stones: The Continuous and the Discontinuous in Human Thought" (Allen Lane, 2025)

Dec 15, 2025
Graham Harman, a leading philosopher known for his work on object-oriented ontology, delves into the continuous versus discrete in reality. He discusses how concepts from evolution, like Darwinian gradualism, reveal the complex nature of change. Harman explores the tension between quantum theory and general relativity, highlighting wave-particle duality. He also connects historical perspectives, from Aristotle to modern debates in science and religion, illustrating how these themes permeate every facet of human thought.
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INSIGHT

Motion Requires Both Types

  • Zeno’s paradoxes forced Aristotle to defend motion as movement along a continuum.
  • Yet Aristotle also recognized discrete qualitative changes like chunks breaking off a stone.
INSIGHT

How Objects Actually Touch

  • Harman coins heterothixis to describe how only opposites can touch: continua meet discretes via specific interfaces.
  • Contact (thixis) is a central problem for explaining interactions between real objects.
INSIGHT

A Wide Chronological Map

  • Harman ordered the book chronologically to show the continuous/discrete debate across history and fields.
  • He uses chapters on Aristotle, biology, physics, architecture, and Kuhn to map recurring themes.
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