
New Books in History Manuela Ceballos, "Between Dung and Blood: Purity, Sainthood, and Power in the Early Modern Western Mediterranean" (U California Press, 2025)
Mar 14, 2026
Manuela Ceballos, Assistant Professor of Religious Studies at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, compares saints across sixteenth-century Iberia and Morocco. She traces conversations about blood, dung, purity, and conversion across Spanish and Arabic sources. Short segments explore gendered bleeding, tanneries and urban waste, ritual uses of blood, and how embodiment shapes claims to sanctity and social power.
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Genoa Horse Dung Sparked a Saint's Conversion
- Sidi Ridwan al-Janawi converted after seeing a horse defecate inside a Genoa church that priests later sold as a holy relic.
- The moment of disgust pushed him to Morocco, where he became a celebrated Fessi scholar and saint whose origin was described as emerging "between dung and blood."
Teresa's Familial Converso Past And Miraculous Bleeding
- Teresa de Jesús (Teresa of Ávila) was the granddaughter of a man accused of Judaizing, a family history hidden until the 1940s.
- She died of a vaginal hemorrhage whose continuing postmortem bleeding became relics prized and sold as holy blood.
Blood Meanings Shift With Context And Power
- Blood is not a stable universal symbol; meanings shift by medical theory, ritual context, and political claims.
- In Morocco blood could be healing for sharīf descendants, while in Spain limpieza de sangre laws made ancestral blood a legal tool of exclusion.

