Talking Strategy S6E9: The Iron Chancellor: Otto von Bismarck's Unification of Germany
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Jan 13, 2026 Michael Epkenhans, a historian specializing in 19th-century German history and former Director of Research at the Bundeswehr's Military History Research Office, delves into Otto von Bismarck's masterful tactics in unifying Germany. He reveals how Bismarck used war and realpolitik to manipulate European powers, often pitting them against each other. Bismarck's focus on Prussia over broader nationalism and his pragmatic approach to diplomacy paved the way for a new German state, while his calculated risks sometimes ignited future conflicts.
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Authoritarian Political Confidence
- Bismarck governed authoritatively, convinced he alone knew what was best for Prussia and Germany.
- He routinely removed political opponents who refused to follow his line.
Prussian Interest Over Pan-Germanism
- Bismarck sought Prussian primacy, not abstract German nationalism; his aim was to make Prussia the dominant German power.
- He used diplomacy and opportunistic war, but did not set out to launch continuous conquest.
Politicians Must Control Warfare
- Bismarck saw war as a political instrument and expected political control over military operations.
- He intervened when military plans risked political catastrophe, insisting politicians set the strategic bounds.