Everything Everywhere Daily: History, Science, Geography & More Radiation 101
Dec 1, 2020
Delve into the intriguing world of radiation and uncover why it often triggers unwarranted fear. Learn about ionizing radiation and its types—alpha, beta, and gamma—along with their unique properties. Discover the surprising fact that humans are slightly radioactive and how exposure varies with altitude. Explore applications of beta decay in medicine and the challenges of shielding gamma rays. Finally, gain perspective on radiation risks through natural background levels and the fascinating role of uranium and plutonium in energy and space exploration.
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Three Types Of Ionizing Radiation
- Ionizing radiation comes as alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays produced by radioactive decay.
- Each type differs in composition and biological impact, which determines shielding and danger.
Alpha Particles: Low Reach, High Internal Risk
- Alpha decay ejects a helium nucleus (two protons, two neutrons) and creates helium on Earth.
- Alpha particles are easily blocked externally but are highly damaging if ingested or inhaled.
Beta Radiation Is More Penetrating
- Beta decay ejects electrons or positrons and penetrates further than alpha particles.
- Beta radiation needs thin metal shielding and can be used medically, for example against tumors.